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This thesis reviews the psychological and social challenges faced by men and women with androgenetic alopecia who seek treatment, but reports no new results.

This article reviews the use of Serenoa repens for androgenetic alopecia and highlights a lack of evidence supporting its efficacy, calling for larger clinical trials.

This article discusses Serenoa repens for androgenetic alopecia and reports no strong evidence of its effectiveness, emphasizing the need for larger clinical trials.

This review concludes that the global literature supports the efficacy and safety of lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens in treating lower urinary tract symptoms, comparable to alpha-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors.

Serenoa repens extract may help hair growth in both men and women.

This review discusses the efficacy of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens for treating lower urinary tract symptoms and reports no new clinical results; the authors propose further examination of the existing literature and guidelines.

In this study, Nephrolepis biserrata extract significantly improved fertility indices in male Wistar rats with testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia, showing increased sperm count and reduced prostate weight, suggesting potential pro-fertility benefits for BPH-related infertility.

Saw palmetto extract can block the enzyme that converts testosterone in pig prostate cells.

This review highlights that Serenoa repens exhibits anti-androgenic and anti-inflammatory activities, potentially alleviating benign prostate hyperplasia symptoms, with phytosterols and fatty acids as key active constituents, while suggesting more research into additional medicinal uses and phytochemicals is needed.

In a cell-free test setting, this study found that a novel saw palmetto extract effectively inhibited the 5α-reductase type II enzyme, showing promising bioactivity comparable to finasteride for promoting prostate health.

This review discusses the evidence for using oral medications to treat central serous chorioretinopathy, highlighting eplerenone as having the most support despite a lack of robust efficacy across studies.

This source reports that Serenoa repens may be an effective and safe natural remedy for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, possibly working through mechanisms like apoptosis stimulation, 5-alpha-reductase inhibition, and blocking DHT receptor interactions, with minimal side effects.

In this animal study, agmatine exhibited a protective effect against seizures related to hormone fluctuations, with results suggesting that its anticonvulsant properties may involve interactions with central neurosteroids in female rats experiencing progesterone withdrawal.

This case report suggests a potential link between the intake of Serenoa repens, commonly known as Saw palmetto, and the onset of erectile dysfunction.

In this study, the pharmacological action of dobutamine on rabbit retinae was found to be distinct from that of other dopamine analogs like apomorphine and N-methyl-dopamine.

The abstract discusses that Serenoa repens, a commonly used phytotherapeutic agent, may play a crucial role as an alternative or complementary treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, particularly those with mild-to-moderate disease severity.

This study found that a novel saw palmetto supercritical CO2 extract effectively inhibits 5α-reductase type II in vitro, suggesting its potential for promoting prostate health in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that dual 5α-reductase inhibition in rats led to decreased sperm motility and altered morphology, resulting in subfertility.

This study found that finasteride significantly reduced serum dihydrotestosterone levels, confirming its efficacy as a 5a-reductase inhibitor, while Permixon showed no effect in healthy male volunteers.

This study found that cepharanthine may be a promising treatment for enterovirus infections, as it offered full protection to mice against lethal EV71 challenges and reduced viral titers and pathology.

In this study, the combination of Serenoa repens extract with Phenolmicin P3 and Bosexil suppositories significantly improved lower urinary tract symptoms and decreased PSA levels in patients with benign prostatic obstruction-related symptoms.

Finasteride may reduce heart damage in rats.

Finasteride blocks progesterone's effect on absence seizures in rats.

This case report described a probable case of acute liver injury associated with high-dose S. repens, highlighting the safety concerns of self-medicating with herbal supplements like saw palmetto.

In this study, the researchers used molecular docking to identify Erythrabyssin II from Erythrina subumbrans as a potential candidate for anti-alopecia treatment, comparable to minoxidil, suggesting clinical trials are needed to evaluate its pharmacological effects.

This study found that people taking Serenoa repens for more than 14 days had a higher likelihood of serious adverse reactions, particularly when also using multiple or interacting supplements, although higher SR doses were linked to lower risk.

Chewing betel nut may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, and saw palmetto can improve urinary symptoms in BPH with fewer side effects but may cause bleeding and allergic reactions.

This study found that D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm fruit, has a moderate antidepressant effect in mice, which may help treat depressive symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that resveratrol significantly alleviated testicular damage in male rats caused by finasteride, which otherwise led to decreased testosterone levels and various histopathological alterations in the testes.

This study reviewed 16 notable drug repurposing patent applications from 2025, highlighting potential new uses such as guanfacine for autonomic dysfunction and disulfiram for subarachnoid hemorrhage survival, though many disclosures lack peer-reviewed studies and no patents are granted.