June 2025 in “Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, researchers characterized alopecia areata incognita in men, finding that all 29 male patients had concurrent androgenetic alopecia, and treatment with ultra-potent topical corticosteroids and minoxidil led to remission in 4-8 months.
5 citations
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May 2022 in “Molecules” This article reviews the literature on the off-label use of botulinum toxin for dermatological conditions, highlighting its potential effectiveness in treating rosacea, anal fissures, Raynaud phenomenon, hypertrophic scars, keloids, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
53 citations
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July 2018 in “Drug design, development and therapy” This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.
44 citations
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August 2014 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study found that methotrexate may be an effective and safe treatment option for severe alopecia areata, with better regrowth results when combined with corticosteroids.
23 citations
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October 2020 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This consensus report outlines Brazilian dermatologists' recommendations for treating alopecia areata, highlighting intralesional corticosteroids for localized cases and systemic therapy for extensive, active disease, along with monitoring side effects.
15 citations
,
January 2022 in “Immune Network/Immune network” This review summarizes the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms of inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeted immunotherapies, but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Annals of Dermatology” In this study, baricitinib was well tolerated and led to clinical improvement in patients with treatment-resistant alopecia areata in a real-world clinical setting, suggesting it may be a potential treatment option.
February 2026 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review article discusses recent advances in stem cell-based therapies for Alopecia Areata, noting preliminary clinical trials show significant hair regrowth, but emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation of long-term safety and efficacy.
October 2025 in “Dermatologica Sinica” This review highlights that although advancements in alopecia areata treatments, such as Janus kinase inhibitors and combination therapies, show promise, further research is necessary to validate their long-term safety and efficacy.
August 2024 in “EMJ Dermatology” This review addresses the causes, mechanisms, and treatment options for the most common non-scarring alopecias in females, including telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, and female pattern hair loss.
July 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” This review highlights that alopecia areata, a common type of hair loss, currently lacks preventive or curative treatments, and traditional therapies such as minoxidil and corticosteroids offer inconsistent results, necessitating patient-consensual treatment planning.
July 2023 in “Health science reports” In this study, researchers examined the prevalence of comorbid conditions among 402 alopecia areata patients, finding that hypothyroidism was notably more frequent in women, while hyperlipidemia was more common in men, with overall thyroid function testing suggested for these patients.
January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This study found that overexpression of miR-1246 in peripheral CD4+ T cells can reduce markers associated with inflammation and T cell activation in severe active alopecia areata, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.
48 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that topical corticosteroids are the most supported first-line treatment for pediatric alopecia areata, with contact immunotherapy as the next best option.
16 citations
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March 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” In this observational study, researchers found that mini-pulse oral corticosteroids effectively reduced hair loss in alopecia areata patients who did not respond to topical therapies, though early-onset patients and those with hypothyroidism were less likely to benefit.
9 citations
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May 2016 in “Clinics in dermatology” This article reviews the use of phototherapy for alopecia areata and highlights its potential due to the therapy's modulatory effects on the skin's immune system, but it presents no new research findings.
8 citations
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July 2024 in “European journal of medical research” This study reported that alopecia areata following COVID-19 vaccination is rare, occurring mostly after the first dose and associated with several vaccine types, particularly Pfizer.
5 citations
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December 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study outlines treatment options for alopecia, suggesting intralesional corticosteroids for localized adult cases and Janus Kinase inhibitors for severe cases, emphasizing a balance between hair regrowth rate and managing side effects.
October 2023 in “International journal of rheumatic diseases” This study found that the JAK3/TEC kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib was effective and well tolerated in patients aged 12 and older with alopecia areata, providing a potential systemic treatment option for this condition, especially in cases of significant psychosocial impact.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.
5 citations
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October 2025 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This article reviews current and emerging treatments for alopecia areata, emphasizing the need for biomarker-driven patient stratification to optimize therapeutic strategies and reduce potential side effects; it reports no new clinical findings.
3 citations
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August 2018 in “Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management” This case report discusses a young woman who developed bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head after corticosteroid treatment for alopecia areata, underscoring the risk of this complication in patients undergoing such therapy.
January 2024 in “Skin appendage disorders” This article reviews existing research on the treatment of alopecia areata using growth factors and microneedling, reporting that these methods show promise in promoting hair growth without major adverse effects, but emphasizes the need for additional large-scale studies to confirm their efficacy and safety.
63 citations
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July 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this review, the researchers reported that JAK inhibitors, originally approved by the FDA for other uses, have shown effectiveness in reversing hair loss in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, based on current preclinical and clinical studies.
57 citations
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March 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that type 2 immunity may play a role in the development of alopecia areata in patients with extrinsic atopic dermatitis, indicating different immunological states compared to non-atopic patients.
40 citations
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June 2021 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” This review explores the efficacy and outcomes of using JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata, noting advancements in understanding the disease's pathomechanisms and suggesting that JAK inhibitors may offer targeted therapeutic benefits by blocking specific inflammatory pathways involved in this chronic condition.
23 citations
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October 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, ritlecitinib showed sustained effectiveness and a favorable safety profile in treating alopecia areata in patients aged 12 and older over 24 months, with improvements observed in hair and eyebrow regrowth and patient satisfaction.
21 citations
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December 2014 in “Clinics in dermatology” This review discusses squaric acid dibutylester's use, effects, and safety in treating alopecia areata, but reports no new clinical results.
19 citations
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August 2017 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” This analysis reports that hepatitis B surface protein antigen exposure is associated with an increased risk of alopecia areata.
17 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery” This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and reports case study evidence of their effectiveness, but formal clinical trials are needed for more definitive conclusions.