21 citations
,
February 2017 in “PLoS ONE” This study found that RhoA influences embryonic stem cell proliferation through the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting RhoA as a potential target for wound healing therapies.
82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
41 citations
,
June 2024 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This study reviews how oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discusses antioxidant-based treatments for hair loss, and evaluates natural antioxidant products that promote hair growth, emphasizing the need for further research due to existing limitations.
4 citations
,
April 2025 in “Antioxidants” This study found that α-ketoglutarate protected dermal papilla cells from oxidative stress by enhancing the Nrf2 pathway and mitigating cell damage through the ERK/Nrf2 axis.
June 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, researchers found that isoproterenol, an adrenergic β2 receptor agonist, promoted hair growth and hair follicle stem cell proliferation in models of androgenetic alopecia by modulating the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy for hair loss.
36 citations
,
November 2018 in “BMC plant biology” This study suggests that ROXYs and reactive oxygen species are likely involved in the signaling pathways plants use to respond to nitrate deprivation.
23 citations
,
June 2012 in “Molecular Biology Reports” This study found that human outer root sheath cells express VEGF receptor-2, and exogenous VEGF165 significantly stimulates their proliferation through activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
16 citations
,
January 2016 in “International Journal of Medical Sciences” This study found that Wnt5a suppresses β-catenin signaling, inhibiting the transition of hair follicles from the telogen to anagen phase.
11 citations
,
August 2014 in “PLoS ONE” This study found that GFRα2 influences cell size but not survival or target innervation of Ret-positive low-threshold mechanoreceptors in mouse dorsal root ganglia, differing from its role in nonpeptidergic nociceptors.
5 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology” This study investigated autophagy activator ICP5249 and found it promotes hair growth by enhancing cell proliferation and autophagy-related markers in human dermal papilla cells and hair follicles, with AMPKα playing a regulatory role, suggesting its potential as a hair growth ingredient.
October 2025 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” This literature review discusses the challenges and potential strategies for creating fully functional hair follicles capable of active cycling, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and innovative regenerative techniques, such as hair micropatterning and three-dimensional printing, crucial for optimizing hair follicle regeneration.
73 citations
,
November 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” This study demonstrated that anagen can be induced in Stat3-disrupted mice, suggesting that both Stat3-dependent and independent pathways, possibly involving PKC, mediate hair cycle progression with required PI3K activation.
8 citations
,
February 2021 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” This study found that myristoleic acid promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation and anagen signaling through autophagy, cell cycle progression, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways.
3 citations
,
June 2025 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This study using a mouse model reports that CuATSM treatment accelerates skin wound healing and reduces scar formation, with effects possibly mediated via the ferroptosis-induced Hippo/YAP signaling pathway and macrophage polarization, suggesting CuATSM as a potential therapy for scarless wound healing in clinical settings.
November 2025 in “FEBS Open Bio” In this study, the researchers using Shh-GFP+/- mice found that cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia involves the JAK/STAT1 pathway, where STAT1 binds the Shh gene promoter, decreasing Shh-expressing cells in hair follicles. Treatment with JAK inhibitors helped rescue hair loss, implicating the JAK/STAT1 pathway in this process.
39 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This study found that in androgenetic alopecia, reduced stem cell factor production by dermal papilla cells may lead to decreased pigmentation in hair follicles.
June 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study reports that extracellular microvesicles isolated from stimulated dermal fibroblasts enhanced hair follicle growth ex vivo and identified norrin as a novel modulator in hair regeneration processes.
133 citations
,
February 2019 in “PLoS Biology” This research found that feather pattern formation in birds is regulated by a mechanochemical system involving fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, which is altered in the flightless emu and ostrich.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.
112 citations
,
January 2014 in “Molecular and cellular therapies” This review summarizes the current understanding of Wnt signaling in relation to its roles in tissue regeneration and cancer progression and discusses recent medical advancements targeting this pathway for therapeutic purposes.
This review highlights the therapeutic potential of hair follicle stem cells in tissue repair and hair regeneration, discussing the molecular mechanisms and the impact of natural compounds on stem cell properties, which may support the development of novel hair loss treatments.
139 citations
,
May 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
4 citations
,
January 2020 in “BioMed Research International” In this study, 0.5% timosaponin BII from Anemarrhena asphodeloides promoted hair growth in C57BL/6 male mice, showing effects comparable to 2% minoxidil.
November 2024 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” In this study, MitoQ was found to enhance hair growth and reverse DHT-induced hair loss in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia by mediating the WNT/β-catenin pathway and increasing CYP19A1 expression, suggesting potential as a therapeutic intervention.
July 2024 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” This study found that dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes promote hair follicle regeneration during wound healing by enhancing fibroblast activity and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice.
5 citations
,
March 2025 in “Phytomedicine” Deoxyshikonin from Arnebiae Radix helps hair grow by activating a specific cell pathway.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that a water-soluble peptide from chicken egg yolk, named Hair Growth Peptide, improved hair growth in mice and female pattern hair loss through increased IGF-1 and VEGF production.
January 2024 in “Dermatologic therapy” This study reported that fire needle therapy improved skin lesions, increased melanocyte numbers, and boosted melanin levels in a vitiligo mouse model by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, suggesting its potential role in treating vitiligo through promoting pigmentation.
89 citations
,
November 2017 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This review discusses the role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in stem and cancer stem cell maintenance and its involvement in the development and regeneration of various organs, but reports no new experimental results.
9 citations
,
June 2023 in “Cells” This review summarizes recent findings on how the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorders and discusses the potential of natural products, synthetic compounds, and biologic agents in their treatment. However, it emphasizes the need for further research to develop effective therapies.