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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Hormone therapies like birth control pills and spironolactone are safe and effective for treating women's adult acne.

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

Ovarian SAHA syndrome makes women with PCOS more resistant to insulin and increases their risk of blood sugar problems.

Ketoconazole shampoo with finasteride improves hair density in men with hair loss.

New compounds may soon be tested to treat excessive hair growth in women.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

The document says that understanding the causes of PCOS is important for treatment, especially in distinguishing the syndrome from just having cystic ovaries, and that losing weight is key for obese women with PCOS.

Teens with PCOS and a mom with PCOS have higher insulin resistance and lower adiponectin levels, which could signal early metabolic problems.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.

Scalp hair grows at 0.37 mm/day, forearm hair at 0.18 mm/day, and thigh hair at 0.30 mm/day, with no significant differences found in people with certain hair conditions.

Common Black hair care products may affect hormone levels and potentially impact health, especially in reproductive and metabolic areas.

Cholesterol balance is important for hair health, and problems with it can lead to hair loss conditions.

PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.

Minoxidil promotes hair regrowth, but more research needed for effectiveness and response factors.

Supercritical CO2 extraction makes rice bran oil healthier and safer than traditional methods.

Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.

Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.

The tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can form nodules in waterlogged conditions using a different method that involves plant hormones and specific genes.

High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.

The document concludes that stopping shaving or removing affected hair can alleviate Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB).

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

PTH-CBD could help prevent and treat hair loss caused by chemotherapy in mice.

Quick treatment of hair disorders in teenage girls is important because of the emotional effects.

Male hormones cause different growth in identical human hair follicles due to their unique epigenetic characteristics.