5 citations,
February 2019 in “Neuroscience letters” Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.
29 citations,
February 2019 in “Environment international” Higher early lead exposure is linked to delayed puberty in girls.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
6 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.
November 2024 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Testosterone increases hair testosterone levels, stress raises hair cortisol, and relationship status affects hormone levels.
197 citations,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
8 citations,
September 2020 in “Journal of adolescent health” Gender-affirming care for youth remained essential during the COVID-19 pandemic, with telemedicine playing a key role.
284 citations,
February 2008 in “Pediatrics” Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.
5 citations,
May 2023 in “Science of the total environment” PFAS exposure in adolescence may delay puberty in females.
16 citations,
January 2017 in “Asian journal of andrology/Asian Journal of Andrology” Men who start puberty later may have lower sperm quality and different hormone levels in adulthood.
19 citations,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
10 citations,
March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.
1 citations,
May 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” Men who went through puberty later had lower sperm counts and altered hormone levels, possibly affecting fertility.
27 citations,
October 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.
76 citations,
November 1997 in “The American journal of psychiatry” Some autistic children may have higher levels of male hormones, which could be linked to aggression.
17 citations,
February 2020 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Early medical support for transgender youth is important for their health, with low regret for gender-affirming hormone use and a need for knowledgeable care providers.
53 citations,
January 2006 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.
2 citations,
January 2000 in “Pediatrics in review” Early sexual development in children, especially girls, can be treated with hormone therapy to improve adult height and requires support for the child and family.
22 citations,
March 2019 in “Environmental health” Higher fluoride levels may delay puberty in boys.
97 citations,
March 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.
24 citations,
September 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
November 2014 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks” Eating high-glycemic and dairy foods can increase hormones that may cause acne and other health issues.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
13 citations,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
1 citations,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
30 citations,
March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.
5 citations,
July 2019 in “Nutrients” Low selenium intake may delay puberty in boys but not in girls.
116 citations,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.