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This chapter discusses the increasing prevalence of overactive bladder in aging men, examining potential causes and treatment options, without reporting new clinical results.

This study demonstrates that combining gene expression data with a random forest algorithm provides highly accurate diagnosis of childhood growth hormone deficiency, showing potential utility in distinguishing it from non-GHD short stature.

This narrative review examined skin-sparing techniques in gynecomastia surgery and found satisfactory thoracic remodeling with acceptable morbidity and reduced scarring, but acknowledged methodological differences that limit decisive conclusions.

This study highlights that polycystic ovary syndrome develops through genetic and environmental factors, with insulin resistance as a key mechanism, impacting the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.

In this literature review, potential health risks of toxic chemicals commonly found in cosmetic products were linked to issues such as cancer, reproductive abnormalities, and skin diseases, highlighting concerns over ingredients like talc, parabens, and phthalates.

This review outlines a systematic approach for dermatologists to accurately diagnose hair loss disorders, emphasizing the importance of differentiating between scarring and non-scarring alopecia to guide appropriate treatment decisions.

This study collected data on PCOS symptoms among female students and assessed the prevalence of menstrual irregularities, obesity, hirsutism, alopecia, and severe acne in this group.

This review discusses current knowledge of isolated premature pubarche in infants and reports no new findings, highlighting it as a mild, self-limiting condition that necessitates exclusion of serious causes.

This review discusses the role of neurosteroids and androgens throughout different life stages, noting the potential disruptions caused by 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride, but no new clinical results are reported.

This review traces the historical understanding and treatment of acne across ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations, but provides no new clinical findings.

Acne can appear or persist in adulthood due to hormonal changes, external factors, or substance use, and requires appropriate treatment.

This review discusses the causes, underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome but reports no new clinical findings.

A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.

The document concludes that treatments for female hair loss and excess body hair are available, but managing expectations is important.

Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.

In this study, flutamide at therapeutic doses caused significant histological changes in the testes and epididymis of adult albino rats, reducing androgen receptor immunoreactivity and increasing estrogen receptor immunoreactivity.

This review discusses various syndromes of severe insulin resistance, their biochemical and clinical features, and potential therapeutic options, but it reports no new clinical results.

This article outlines how pediatric hair problems present and how they can be assessed, without reporting new research results.

Primary care is key in managing PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes and medications like birth control and metformin.

This article reviews genetic and phenotypic aspects of androgen insensitivity syndromes, emphasizing the diversity of mutations that complicates molecular screening and the importance of genotype-phenotype correlations.

This review discusses advances in 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating male androgenetic alopecia and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that the prevalence of PCOS among Australian women aged 16-29 was 12% using NIH criteria, with fertility concerns being the most distressing aspect for those diagnosed.

This study reported that the aqueous ethanol extract of Lygodii Spora demonstrated in vitro testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibition and in vivo anti-androgenic activity, potentially due to oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids.

This study suggests that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea may counteract DHT-induced hair follicle damage by modifying the miRNA expression profile in human dermal papilla cells.

This study reported that after 7.5 months of treatment, topical Alfatradiol significantly increased anagen hair rates in women and men with androgenetic alopecia, with minimal side effects.

Among women with hirsutism studied, this research found a high prevalence of acne, particularly associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome and endocrine changes.

This article reviews the discovery and various physiological effects of cyproterone acetate, reporting its established indications for several androgen-driven conditions but providing no new clinical data.

This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of melatonin's physiological roles, effects, and clinical implications, but it does not present new experimental findings.

This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.