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This paper reviews the current lack of evidence on the safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming therapies in minors with gender dysphoria, highlighting ethical and legal concerns, including possible long-term consequences such as infertility.

This study found that most participants had limited awareness of PCOS and its major risk factors, underscoring a need for increased education on the condition.

This chapter reviews genetic defects in female sexual differentiation, focusing on 46,XX disorders of sex development and the impact of genetic factors and sex steroids on development, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article provides guidelines for molecular genetic testing of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, focusing on quality requirements, methodologies, and variant classification; it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency, strongly recommending it for symptom relief and bone protection, but notes a lack of evidence on optimal types and doses.

This review examines androgen replacement therapy in women for treating androgen deficiency symptoms and reports no new clinical results, while noting potential safety within a specific dose range.

This review discusses the known morbidities of polycystic ovarian syndrome, highlighting its diverse impacts on women's health, but reports no new research findings.

This review examines hair and skin disorders in post-menopausal women and notes a lack of evidence supporting specific treatments for this population.

This review discusses factors affecting fertility in both men and women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and emphasizes individualized preconception management but reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that gender-affirming testosterone therapy in transgender men is generally safe and effective with adequate screening and monitoring, although high-quality long-term studies are lacking.

This review discusses the potential of 4-azasteroids as 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating hirsutism, reporting their promising effects in animal studies but noting no clinical trials have been conducted yet.

This study found that metformin treatment may improve health-related quality of life in ethnic Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, particularly in aspects of physical health, acne, and infertility, especially for those who are overweight and have hyperandrogenism.

This chapter reviews selective androgen receptor modulators, discussing their therapeutic potential beyond current androgen applications, and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the clinical features, genetics, and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, a common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and reports no new research findings.

This study suggests that DHT may have a less potent effect on the prostate compared to testosterone while maintaining safety and similar effects on erythropoiesis and lipids.

This review suggests that dihydrotestosterone pretreatment may improve cosmetic outcomes in hypospadias repair, but more randomized trials are needed to determine its effectiveness due to currently limited evidence.

Manage PCOS in primary care with weight loss, psychological support, medication, and monitoring for health risks.

In this case study, a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia experienced substantial improvement in musculoskeletal and neurobehavioral symptoms after low-dose testosterone therapy, highlighting its potential role in managing chronic glucocorticoid overtreatment effects.

This study used a mouse model to reveal that S100A4-positive cells, specifically fibroblasts and immune cells, play a crucial role in nipple development, essential for successful lactation, despite no issues with mammary morphology or milk production.

This study found that PRP injections may safely improve penile curvature and PDQ scores in men with stable-phase Peyronie's Disease, although the curvature reduction observed was not enough to determine long-term clinical significance.

This case-control study in Missan Province, Iraq, found that married women with PCOS had higher rates of obesity and menstrual irregularities, along with elevated testosterone, LH, and insulin levels, compared to healthy controls, highlighting significant hormonal and metabolic complications.

This case report describes marked improvement in symptoms for a 24-year-old woman with PCOS following individualized homeopathic treatment, which reportedly included a reduction in irregular menstruation, vaginal discomfort, and weight gain.

This review explores how technologies like telemedicine, wearable devices, bioengineering, and digital therapeutics are enhancing the management of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic diseases by offering personalized and accessible solutions, although traditional approaches often fall short.

Primary care is key in managing PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes and medications like birth control and metformin.

In this study of male patients with 46,XY 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, DHT therapy was effective in achieving penile enlargement during infancy, while testosterone replacement therapy proved more beneficial during puberty, possibly due to increased conversion to DHT.

This review discusses recent advancements in understanding and managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including improvements in screening, diagnostics, and potential genetic and cell-based treatments, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study analyzed self-reports from discussion forums to categorize and understand adverse effects experienced by individuals using finasteride, suggesting a need for further investigation into post-finasteride syndrome.

This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive guidelines to address the cardiometabolic and psychological features of polycystic ovary syndrome, alongside its reproductive aspects, and reports no new results.

This study found that 5-α reductase inhibitors do not significantly increase the risk of erectile dysfunction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia, although duration of benign prostatic hyperplasia may elevate risk.

This publication reviews the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care for supporting transgender and gender nonconforming people, with adjustments needed for diverse global contexts and no new clinical results.