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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Managing metabolic syndrome needs both lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Certain proteins and their receptors are more active during the growth phase of human hair and could be targeted to treat hair disorders.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Bexxar treatment led to a high response rate in patients with advanced-stage, treatment-resistant follicular lymphoma.

FOL-026 peptide can help repair blood vessels and promote growth, offering potential treatment for vascular diseases.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

Astilbin can potentially calm overactive immune responses, like in Type 1 Diabetes, by suppressing certain cell activities and reducing inflammation.

Understanding drug interactions, side effects, and patient-specific factors is crucial for effective dermatological care.

Drosha and Dicer are essential for hair follicle health and preventing DNA damage in skin cells.

Keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells can effectively heal difficult skin wounds.

Annurca apple extract promotes hair growth by changing hair follicle metabolism to boost keratin production.

Androgens reduce BMP2, which weakens the ability of certain cells to help hair stem cells become different types of cells.

BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.

The human scalp hair bulb contains different types of melanocytes with varying abilities to produce melanin.

Cell-based models help test if cosmetic ingredients really work for hair growth and skin health.

More high-quality research is needed to recommend flavonoids and saponins for clinical use.

New regenerative treatments for hair loss show promise but need more research for confirmation.

A mutation in the IKZF1 gene causes immune system overactivity, linked to autoimmune diseases like lupus.

Dexpanthenol helps human hair follicle cells grow by preventing aging and death, and by supporting growth signals.

Acne is a common skin condition linked to diet, hormones, and genetics, and early treatment can prevent scarring.

Chemotherapy causes complex changes in hair follicle cells that can lead to hair loss.

Certain immune cells in the skin release a protein that stops hair growth by keeping hair stem cells inactive.

Botryococcus terribilis Ethanol Extract may reduce inflammation by changing gene expression in cells.

Hair analysis for drugs needs a better understanding of how drugs enter hair, considering factors like hair structure and pigmentation.

Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.

Plant roots respond to fungus smells by possibly using certain proteins and a plant hormone to change root growth, but more research is needed.

A Chinese family had a child with a specific gene mutation causing vitamin D-resistant rickets, but the child improved with calcium and low-dose calcitriol.

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.