Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
Retinoids or their analogs could treat skin pigmentation disorders like melasma and vitiligo.
May 2004 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease” Vitamin E affects liver metabolism, enhancing stress resistance, reducing blood clotting, and altering hormone processing.
March 2024 in “BMC cancer” High levels of ST14 and TMEFF1 proteins in ovarian cancer are linked to worse patient outcomes and may be a new treatment target.
January 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Genetic factors play a major role in acne.
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June 2010 in “Nature” Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.
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August 2014 in “Nature medicine” Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
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October 1999 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Activating the Sonic hedgehog gene in mice can start the hair growth phase.
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February 2013 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” ERG increases SOX9, promoting prostate cancer growth and invasion.
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April 2008 in “Developmental biology” Ectodysplasin inhibits Wnt signaling to help form hair follicles.
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April 2012 in “PLOS ONE” Valproic Acid helps regrow hair in mice and activates a hair growth marker in human cells.
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July 2012 in “Brain pathology” High LGR5 levels in glioblastoma indicate poor prognosis and are essential for cancer stem cell survival.
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February 2016 in “EMBO reports” Scientists found a specific group of itch-sensing nerve cells in mice important for feeling itch but not for sensing heat or touch.
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December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” HOXC13 is essential for hair and nail development by regulating Foxn1.
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April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
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December 2021 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Two drugs, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib, improved scalp hair loss condition markers.
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October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
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April 2017 in “PloS one” Certain genetic variations in the FST gene are linked to better wool quality in Chinese Merino sheep.
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December 2007 in “Developmental biology” Clim proteins are essential for maintaining healthy corneas and hair follicles.
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January 2018 in “Development” Frizzled 3 and Frizzled 6 together control the orientation of mouse hair follicles.
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April 2014 in “Oncotarget” Minoxidil can reduce functions related to androgen receptors.
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March 2021 in “Materials Today Bio” Scaffold-based strategies show promise for regenerating hair follicles and teeth but need more research for clinical use.
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February 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Activating Notch signaling can kill basal cell carcinoma cells.
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April 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” New hair follicles could be created to treat hair loss.
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June 2017 in “Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences” Fox genes are important for hair growth and development in cashmere goats.
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September 2022 in “Animals” Certain genes affect udder shape in Holstein cows, important for health and milk production.
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November 2021 in “Biomedicines” Some therapies using stem cells and platelet-rich plasma may help treat osteoarthritis, but more research is needed to ensure they are safe and effective.
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June 2021 in “PLOS ONE” A topical BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, can speed up wound healing and promote hair growth, especially in diabetic patients.
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May 2023 in “Cancer medicine” KRT80 may worsen cancer by increasing growth and spread, but its full effects on treatment and outcomes need more research.