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Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell behavior and tissue health, and their decline can impact aging and cancer.

β-catenin in the dermal papilla is crucial for normal hair growth and repair.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

Different types of fibroblasts play various roles in diseases and healing, and more research on them could improve treatments.

Treatments that reduce oxidative stress and fix mitochondrial problems may help heal chronic wounds.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

The immune system plays a key role in tissue repair, affecting both healing quality and regenerative ability.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicle biology can lead to better hair loss treatments.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

More dermal papilla cells in hair follicles lead to larger, healthier hair, while fewer cells cause hair thinning and loss.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell renewal and differentiation, and understanding them can help in developing regenerative therapies.

Lactate production is important for activating hair growth stem cells.

Artificial skin development has challenges, but new materials and understanding cell behavior could improve tissue repair. Also, certain growth factors and hydrogel technology show promise for advanced skin replacement therapies.

A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.