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Endurance exercise may help BPH by lowering hormones and inflammation.

Dutasteride use can lead to a stable decline in sexual function that is not affected by age or prostate size.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors like tadalafil can reduce cell growth in BPH caused by CD8+ T cells in low androgen conditions.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride are effective for treating enlarged prostate and male pattern hair loss.

Finasteride and dutasteride are effective for male hair loss and enlarged prostate but may cause reversible sexual side effects.

Finasteride reduces the need for prostate surgery but may increase the risk of depression and persistent sexual side effects.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors increase the risk of sexual dysfunction in patients treating enlarged prostate but not in those treating hair loss.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly reduce urinary symptoms and may lower surgery and acute retention risks in men.

Castration significantly reduces prostate size and BPH symptoms.

Many patients with lower urinary tract symptoms also have undiagnosed erectile dysfunction, which improves with treatment.

The document concludes that the risk of sexual side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is low and often temporary, but more research is needed on potential permanent effects.

Chewing betel nut may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, and saw palmetto can improve urinary symptoms in BPH with fewer side effects but may cause bleeding and allergic reactions.

AT-Grow, a natural product, might help with a common type of hair loss by reducing DHT levels.

Certain gene variants may raise the risk of prostate enlargement, but taking NSAIDs could reduce this risk.

Enzymes called 5α-reductases have many body functions and need more research to safely use inhibitors.

Men with early balding may have a higher risk of prostate issues, and surgery for prostate cancer has a slight survival benefit over radiation.

Early balding may be a sign of future prostate problems.

Finasteride for hair loss may increase the risk of certain cancers and has side effects; better regulation and education on its use are needed.

Biofeedback treatment for dysfunctional voiding in adults showed no symptom improvement.

Ocimum basilicum L. and red Oryza sativa L. may help with hair loss and prostate issues.

CEC levels may be a useful marker for predicting prostate cancer progression.

Some patients may experience lasting sexual dysfunction, depression, and other side effects from 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy.

Larger prostate size in older men may be linked to poorer semen quality and fertility issues.

The conclusion is that doctors should be careful when prescribing 5α-reductase inhibitors due to possible serious side effects, and they should discuss these risks with patients.

Methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis has a serious infection rate of about two per 100 patient-years.

Low dose finasteride causes only minor changes in PSA levels in men over 50 with BPH.

Low dose finasteride causes only small changes in PSA levels in older men with BPH.

Saw palmetto can help with prostate issues and may promote hair growth.

Finasteride for hair loss lowers PSA levels, so PSA values need adjusting when screening for prostate cancer.

Taking 1mg of finasteride daily for hair loss can lower PSA levels by 40-50%, so to keep PSA effective as a cancer screening tool, the PSA value should be doubled during treatment.