65 citations
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August 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that prostaglandin metabolism enzymes are present in human hair follicles, suggesting a potential role in hair growth and differentiation, with some expression differences between men and women.
12 citations
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April 2019 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that HMGB1 enhanced hair growth by stimulating PGE2 production in human dermal papilla cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for alopecia treatment.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in human keratinocytes through a mechanism involving ROS and REDOX potential, which could inform treatments for androgenic alopecia.
1 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, PGD2 treatment in keratinocytes increased testosterone production via reactive oxygen species, suggesting a potential role for the NRF2 pathway in androgenic alopecia treatment strategies.
August 2026 in “Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators” This review suggests that imbalance in prostaglandin levels may contribute to androgenetic alopecia, highlighting prostaglandins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition.
3 citations
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October 2021 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” The authors concluded that pattern hair loss is a complex condition with limited treatment efficacy and two FDA-approved drugs, finasteride and minoxidil, to slow its progression.
June 2013 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that among HIV-infected women, central lipohypertrophy was associated with shorter eyelashes but not changes in scalp hair texture or inflammation.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that topical rebamipide, originally a gastric ulcer medication, can activate hair follicle stem cells and promote hair regeneration by modulating dermal adipocyte metabolism, with potential targeting of the prostaglandin E receptor EP4.
19 citations
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November 2018 in “Nutrients” This study reports that polyphenols from Annurca apples may safely promote hair growth and protect against chemotherapy-induced alopecia without interfering with chemotherapy regimens.
72 citations
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October 1992 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study describes five patients whose cystic fibrosis was initially indicated by a rash associated with protein-energy malnutrition, highlighting the importance of early symptom recognition for timely diagnosis and treatment.
February 2008 in “Medical & surgical dermatology” Some treatments like topical oxygen and stem cells show promise for wound healing and hair growth, but evidence for modern dressings over traditional ones is limited.
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses genetic and pharmacogenetic insights, along with RNA interference technologies, for developing personalized therapies for androgenetic alopecia, yet presents no new clinical results.
39 citations
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April 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reviews the side effects of topical latanoprost therapy, particularly the hypertrichosis and pigmentation changes of eyelashes and nearby skin, and reports no new clinical results.
August 2025 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This review article examines current drugs for androgenetic alopecia, focusing on their mechanisms and clinical efficacy, noting that while finasteride and minoxidil are commonly approved treatments, new drugs targeting different pathogenic pathways have emerged, offering a broader understanding and reference for AGA treatment options.
January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy” In this review, researchers explored key mechanisms underlying androgenetic alopecia, revealing how hormonal, oxidative, inflammatory, and lipid dysregulation suppress hair growth pathways and suggesting new therapeutic targets such as DP2 antagonists and microbiome modulators.
February 2024 in “Heliyon” In this study, AGA patients exhibited distinct lipidomic profiles and higher metabolic syndrome prevalence compared to controls, with certain lipids correlated to key AGA-related factors like DHT, PGD2, and TGF-β1.
This review concluded that the efficacy of cosmeceutical hair serums for addressing hair loss lies in their use of bioactive peptides and plant compounds, like flavonoids and sterols, that target eight key contributing factors identified in hair loss conditions.
November 2023 in “BMC genomics” Using a multi-omics analysis, this study identified key regulators like PLA2G12A, KRT79, and prostaglandin B2 that influence cashmere fineness, providing crucial data for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this trait in Liaoning cashmere goats.
91 citations
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August 2015 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” This review discusses the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of female pattern hair loss, reporting no new research findings.
December 2021 in “Daehanhanuihakoeji” This study suggests that combining finasteride with traditional herbal formulas Yongdamsagan-tang or Paljung-san may not interfere with drug metabolism while potentially enhancing anti-inflammatory effects for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.
18 citations
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October 2021 in “Frontiers in Physiology” This review summarizes recent research on the molecular properties and functions of L-PGDS and PGD2, but reports no new findings, highlighting their pathophysiological roles and guiding future studies.
9 citations
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September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” In this study, PGD2 was shown to increase testosterone production in human keratinocytes through reactive oxygen species, suggesting potential benefits of antioxidants like N-acetyl-cysteine for AGA patients.
16 citations
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November 2017 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This review examines how different prostanoids and their receptors affect hair growth but provides no new clinical results; it highlights potential implications for treating hair disorders.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, O. forskahlii seed oil was found to promote hair growth in rats and exhibit anti-aging effects on human skin cells by enhancing fibroblast proliferation and inhibiting inflammation and enzyme activity, indicating potential for cosmetic use.
57 citations
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October 2013 in “international journal of endocrinology and metabolism” This review discusses clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatments for female pattern hair loss, emphasizing the use of 2% topical Minoxidil and exploring alternative off-label therapies.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of Chromatography B” This study used a newly validated method to find that one-year finasteride treatment resulted in no significant differences in urinary androgen and prostaglandin levels between male pattern baldness patients and normal controls.
This study found that isolated human scalp hair follicles express PGE2 genes and EP2 protein, suggesting PGE2 may play a crucial role in regulating hair growth.
January 2021 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” This study assessed Ageratum conyzoides gel's efficacy in reducing hair loss and improving quality of life in adults with pattern baldness, finding that it decreased temporal recession and improved hair-related distress scores, with a significant reduction in 5α-reductase expression and PGD2 release in vitro.
April 2018 in “Radiotherapy and Oncology” Prostaglandin helps regenerate hair follicles after radiation damage.
205 citations
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March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine” PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.