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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Laser hair removal is the most requested cosmetic procedure and has become a scientifically-based treatment suitable for all skin types.

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

Hair follicle development and microbes help regulatory T cells gather in newborn skin.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

Current treatments for alopecia show no significant long-term benefits.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Laser hair removal effectiveness depends on targeting hair structures without harming the skin, and improvements require more research and expert collaboration.

Finasteride 1mg helps reverse hair miniaturization in men and postmenopausal women.

Microneedles help improve skin appearance and deliver skin treatments effectively, but safety concerns need more research and regulation.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Finasteride may cause long-lasting sexual side effects.

More men are getting benign prostatic hyperplasia, and there are many treatments, from medication to surgery, with new methods being developed.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

The paper concludes that the 1982 criteria for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus need updating to improve accuracy and involve dermatologists in the process.

Microneedling is promising for treating various skin issues but needs more research to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Preoperative pain assessment, regional anesthesia, and vitamin C can help prevent CRPS after surgery.

UV radiation can help sterilize wounds and promote healing but requires careful use to avoid damaging cells.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Lasers and light sources can effectively remove hair, work best on fair skin with dark hair, and usually need multiple treatments.

Some treatments, like corticosteroids and sensitizing agents, can help with alopecia areata, but more high-quality research is needed.

Dutasteride and finasteride do not significantly affect bone density, blood fats, or blood production, but slightly lower PSA levels and minimally impact sexual function in healthy young men.

Prostate cancer prevention includes diet changes, supplements, and medications, with more answers expected soon.

Most low-level light therapy studies did not accurately report how light was measured, affecting treatment reliability.

Topical JAK inhibitors may help treat some skin conditions but need more research.