13 citations,
April 2002 in “International Journal of Toxicology” The safety of placental and umbilical extracts in cosmetics is uncertain, requiring more research.
Marine macroalgae contain compounds that can improve skin health and have cosmetic benefits.
40 citations,
June 2021 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” JAK inhibitors show promise in effectively treating hair loss from alopecia areata.
9 citations,
March 2022 in “Antioxidants” Synthetic antioxidants are effective, cheap, and stable, with some like zinc and cholecalciferol reducing child and cancer deaths, but the safety of additives like BHA, BHT, TBHQ, and PEG needs more research.
8 citations,
March 2015 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Hair dye ingredient PPD causes cell death and aging in human hair cells by altering microRNA levels.
June 2019 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway is important for skin and hair development and skin cancer treatment, but more research is needed to understand it fully.
19 citations,
March 2011 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” Some chemicals absorbed through the skin can cause serious health problems.
34 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Hydrogen peroxide and monoethanolamine in hair dye can cause dermatitis and hair loss.
30 citations,
January 2000 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Finasteride and minoxidil are effective FDA-approved treatments for androgenetic alopecia.
8 citations,
October 2022 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Tofacitinib and ruxolitinib are effective and safe for treating various autoimmune skin and joint disorders.
8 citations,
January 1996 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Cyproterone acetate is the preferred treatment for women's hyperandrogenism when estrogen/progestogen use is safe.
March 2017 in “Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology” The model and estimator can predict drug exposure in kidney transplant patients well.
295 citations,
March 2016 in “Life Sciences” Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.
195 citations,
January 2008 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology” Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.
166 citations,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
122 citations,
November 1984 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” No single treatment is consistently effective for alopecia areata, and more research is needed.
118 citations,
April 1998 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.
67 citations,
April 2007 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Shampoos are designed to clean and improve hair and scalp health, with specific ingredients for different hair types and conditions.
64 citations,
July 2016 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.
51 citations,
December 2011 in “The Journal of Dermatology” New treatments for severe hair loss often fail, but some patients see hair regrowth with specific therapies, and treatment should be tailored to the individual's situation.
45 citations,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Topical immunotherapy, especially with DPCP, is effective for treating severe alopecia areata.
38 citations,
June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.
35 citations,
February 1994 in “Fundamental and applied toxicology” High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.
22 citations,
November 2018 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” The medications 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone are generally safe for breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies and do not significantly increase breast cancer risk.
13 citations,
April 2022 in “Frontiers in oncology” Melanoma development can be linked to the breakdown of skin's melanin-producing units.
12 citations,
December 2017 in “Food and chemical toxicology” Permanent hair dye mixtures can irritate and damage the skin.
12 citations,
January 2007 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Europe needs a clear system to watch over cosmetics for safety and to make sure product claims are true.
10 citations,
January 2016 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Some acne medications have side effects; doctors should educate patients and may not need to do frequent lab tests for all.
6 citations,
January 2017 in “Journal of toxicologic pathology” Rabbit skin with active hair growth shows thicker, redder areas due to larger, more numerous hair follicles and increased blood vessels.
5 citations,
August 2003 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Iron deficiency might contribute to hair loss in women.