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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The document concludes that mouse models are helpful but have limitations for skin wound healing research, and suggests using larger animals and genetically modified mice for better human application.

5% and 2% minoxidil solutions effectively promote hair growth and reduce hair loss, with 5% being slightly more effective but having more side effects.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.

Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.

The conclusion is that the risk of losing significance in meta-analysis results increases with smaller effects and more missing data, and using the median standard deviation for imputation is recommended.

Obesity is linked to various skin problems and may increase the risk of skin cancer.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

TSH is usually the only test needed to check thyroid function in primary care.

South Asian women with PCOS are more likely to have metabolic issues and central obesity, and simple measures like waist size and blood pressure can help identify these risks early.

High-dose dutasteride reduces PMDD symptoms by stabilizing neurosteroid levels.

Hormonal treatments, including birth control and antiandrogens, can effectively treat acne in women.

Vitiligo is linked to autoimmune diseases and hearing issues, so hearing tests are recommended for patients.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Zinc deficiency in children can cause skin issues and can be serious if not diagnosed and treated properly.

Most dermatologic medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but some should be avoided due to potential risks.

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.

Androgens cause skin issues like acne and hair growth in women, often due to PCOS, and can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

Folliculitis is an inflammation of hair follicles that requires proper diagnosis and treatment based on the specific cause.

Some birth control pills have a higher risk of blood clots than others.

Albendazole treatment for echinococcosis can cause serious side effects and requires close monitoring.

Minoxidil helps hair growth and reduces shedding in women.

Mothers and newborns with dental fillings had higher mercury in their hair, but getting fillings during pregnancy didn't raise mercury levels further.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Birth control pills increase the risk of blood clots, especially within the first year and with certain types.