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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Msx and Dlx genes are crucial for development, controlling cell behaviors like growth and differentiation through their roles as gene regulators.

Nerves are crucial for the regeneration of various body parts in many animals.

Hair loss in women is genetic, diagnosed by examination and biopsy, and treated with minoxidil, finasteride, or transplantation.

Planarian regeneration begins with a specific gene activation caused by injury, essential for healing and tissue regrowth.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

More dermal papilla cells in hair follicles lead to larger, healthier hair, while fewer cells cause hair thinning and loss.

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell renewal and differentiation, and understanding them can help in developing regenerative therapies.

Scientists have found a way to create hair follicles from skin cells of newborn mice, which can grow and cycle naturally when injected into adult mouse skin.

The cuneate nucleus has two main neuron types: relay neurons and interneurons.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

The hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial for hair growth but not for the initial creation of hair follicles.

Researchers created human hair follicles using a new method that could help treat hair loss.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.

Oral antiandrogens effectively treat female hair loss, with better results in higher hair loss grades.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.

Radiation therapy with a higher dose for the brain improves survival in cerebellar medulloblastoma.

Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.

Dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are useful for diagnosing and monitoring various skin, hair, and nail conditions.

Women with PCOS have heart-related issues not because of obesity, but due to insulin resistance and low adiponectin levels.

Minoxidil works better for female hair loss, but cyproterone reduces scalp oiliness and causes menstrual issues.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of ichthyosis is crucial for treatment and genetic advice, and ongoing research is needed for better therapies.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.