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Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.

While PCOS might increase the risk of heart disease, there's not strong evidence to prove it causes earlier heart problems.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, self-renewing stem cells in the intestine and skin, important for tissue maintenance.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

Women with the NIH type of PCOS have more obesity and higher risk of diabetes and heart disease than those with other types of PCOS.

Manage vitiligo with treatments, address emotions, and use camouflage techniques.

PCOS is common among Chinese women of reproductive age and linked to serious metabolic and reproductive issues, especially in obese women.

Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can cause sexual, physical, and psychological side effects, and doctors should manage these carefully.

Hair loss in women is genetic, diagnosed by examination and biopsy, and treated with minoxidil, finasteride, or transplantation.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Melatonin may help with sleep issues, depression, and cancer, but more research is needed.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand various diseases in older adults.

Testing basal 17-HP levels is a good way to screen for nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia in women with high androgen levels.