418 citations,
June 2003 in “Endocrine Reviews” While PCOS might increase the risk of heart disease, there's not strong evidence to prove it causes earlier heart problems.
258 citations,
July 2016 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.
251 citations,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
182 citations,
June 2002 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Androgens can help prevent memory problems caused by apoE4.
119 citations,
July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.
116 citations,
April 2002 in “American journal of veterinary research” Trilostane effectively and safely treats dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, improving symptoms and adrenal gland size.
111 citations,
August 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” New compounds were made that block an enzyme linked to breast cancer better than existing treatments.
105 citations,
January 2010 in “Mediators of Inflammation” Skin surface lipids are important for skin health and altering them could help prevent aging and treat skin conditions.
103 citations,
June 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” FGF signaling is a promising target for developing treatments for wounds, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
100 citations,
September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.
97 citations,
September 2016 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.
93 citations,
January 1996 in “Clinical Pharmacokinectics” Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.
90 citations,
August 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin improves hair growth and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS and hirsutism.
78 citations,
August 2012 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A new gene, JMJD1C, may affect testosterone levels in men.
76 citations,
November 2009 in “Medical Clinics of North America” Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in acne, which can be a symptom of systemic diseases like PCOS and may require targeted treatment.
75 citations,
June 1999 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.
68 citations,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
65 citations,
October 2008 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” 61 citations,
February 2001 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Metabolic syndrome and PCOS are related but separate conditions, with metabolic syndrome increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
58 citations,
January 2003 in “Thrombosis and Haemostasis” Testosterone may slow down wound healing and increase inflammation.
56 citations,
August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Different women's hair and skin glands respond to hormones in varied ways, which can cause unwanted hair growth even with normal hormone levels, and more research is needed to treat this effectively.
51 citations,
October 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively treats hirsutism, is safe, and cost-effective.
49 citations,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
49 citations,
November 1992 in “Archives of dermatology” Different treatments for alopecia areata have varying success rates and side effects; intralesional steroids are most effective.
48 citations,
January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Cytokines and neuropeptides are key in controlling androgen levels, affecting skin and hair conditions.
47 citations,
February 2015 in “European Journal of Clinical Investigation” The review suggests thorough evaluation and genetic testing for proper diagnosis and treatment of Chrousos syndrome.
42 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Early balding men may have insulin resistance, but lifestyle changes can help.
39 citations,
September 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.