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The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Spironolactone is a safe and effective treatment for reducing excessive hair growth in women.

About 2.2% of women with symptoms of high male hormones have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and measuring a specific hormone level can accurately diagnose it.

The document concludes that accurate measurement of serum androgens is crucial for diagnosing hyperandrogenism.

Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.

The document concludes that more research is needed to understand excessive hair growth in women with normal hormone levels and regular ovulation.

Eating high glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.

Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often caused by hormonal imbalances, and requires ongoing treatment to manage.

The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.

CAH is a genetic disorder affecting cortisol production and causing hormonal imbalances, with treatment and diagnosis varying by form and symptoms.

Women with low SHBG levels and a high 3a-diol G to SHBG ratio are likely to experience female pattern baldness, possibly due to a slight excess of androgens affecting sensitive hair bulbs.

Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.

New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Acupuncture may improve reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS without negative side effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Hormonal therapies are effective for managing hair and skin symptoms in women with PCOS.

The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.

PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.

Hormone imbalances can cause specific skin changes, which may help in early detection of endocrine disorders.

Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.

Testosterone changes important cell communication proteins in pregnant rats' uteruses, which might affect pregnancy success.

Doctors should recognize and treat PCOS early in primary care to manage symptoms and lower risk of other health issues.