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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Molecular diagnostics help identify genetic defects causing endocrine diseases, improving diagnosis and treatment options.

Correct skin biopsy techniques are crucial to avoid misdiagnosis of skin diseases.

Innate immunity genes in hair follicle stem cells might have new roles beyond traditional immune functions.

Knowing detailed head and neck anatomy is crucial for safe and effective facelift surgery.

Non-immune factors play a significant role in alopecia areata.

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.

Hair restoration has evolved from surgery to drugs to potential gene therapy, with improved results and ongoing research driven by high demand.

Bone marrow and umbilical cord stem cells can help grow new hair.

Bariatric surgery may help severely obese teenagers but has risks and requires careful patient selection and long-term care.

Interferon, especially alfa interferon, is an effective treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with manageable side effects.

Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

Scientists found a new, less invasive way to study body clocks using hair cells, which shows shift workers' body clocks don't match their lifestyles.

Honokiol helps protect skin from damage and aging caused by cigarette smoke.

Selective breeding can enhance immunity in dairy cattle.

The new hair-dyeing shampoo is safe, colors hair evenly, and strengthens it.

A mother and son both had ulcerative colitis and alopecia, suggesting a genetic link in autoimmune disorders and successful treatment with cyclosporine.

Histone modification is key in treating chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Autoimmune liver diseases are likely linked to certain skin conditions like vitiligo and psoriasis.

Women with PCOS often have acne, obesity, and excess hair, especially on the chin and upper lip.

A woman developed swelling in her body after taking low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss, but it resolved after stopping the medication.

People with atopic dermatitis have different skin bacteria, and targeting these bacteria might help treat the condition.

Permanent makeup can cause delayed allergic reactions, but they can be managed with proper treatment.

Irregular menstrual cycles in exercising women may be linked to energy deficiency or hormonal imbalances, requiring careful diagnosis for proper treatment.

Chemotherapy can cause skin problems like hair loss, mouth sores, and skin darkening, and recognizing these can affect treatment decisions.

The regulations aimed to improve domiciliary care in Wales by ensuring better work conditions and visit schedules.

Vegetarian Indian women with PCOS have higher inflammation levels than non-vegetarians.

Auto-antibody testing is a useful but not definitive tool in diagnosing interstitial lung diseases, and using a specific algorithm could make testing more cost-effective.

Newborn screening and gene therapy are expected to improve outcomes for Omenn syndrome patients.