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The authors concluded that milia, steatocystoma multiplex, and eruptive vellus hair cysts may be subtypes of multiple pilosebaceous cysts with overlapping histologic features.

This study found that specific histologic features in skin biopsies can help support a diagnosis of traumatic alopecia (trichotillomania), but not all markers are distinct to the condition.

This study describes two new types of dermal keratinous cysts of the eyelids, derived from the pilosebaceous apparatus, each presenting distinct management challenges.

This article discusses methods to measure comedogenesis in acne through the presence of microcomedones and reports no new clinical results; the authors outline a skin surface biopsy technique using cyanoacrylate gel.

This study supports the idea that steatocystoma multiplex is a hamartomatous condition and suggests it may be a variant of eruptive vellus hair cyst, both originating in the pilosebaceous duct.

This review revisits mechanisms underlying acne lesion formation and suggests that preventing comedone development requires controlling critical factors in the pilosebaceous follicle before acne involvement.

In this study using C57BL/6 mice, researchers found that iron oxide nanoparticles permeated skin primarily through hair follicles and sebocytes, with absorption increasing over time.

This study observed that lectin-binding patterns in skin appendage tumors reveal differences in sweat gland tumors compared to normal tissues, but pilosebaceous tumors maintained a similar lectin-binding pattern to their corresponding normal structures.

This study found that trichoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying hair loss patterns in women and can help avoid scalp biopsies in unclear cases.

This review discusses the historical development and current challenges in in vitro hair follicle culture, highlighting a need for advanced models using cell lines and tissue engineering, and reports no new results.

This article explains the significance of culturing the pilosebaceous unit for studying related diseases and skin epithelial stem cells, but it reports no new findings.

This review explores the role of hormones in pilosebaceous units and associated skin disorders, focusing on androgen action, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that neutral liposomes were most effective at delivering minoxidil into pilosebaceous units compared to other tested formulations.

The flutamide-loaded hydrogel is a promising, skin-friendly treatment for acne and hair loss, potentially requiring less frequent application.

This study found that COX-2 expression in normal rat skin is linked to the hair cycle, with varying levels observed in different skin structures during anagen, catagen, and telogen phases.

Androgens and other hormones affect hair growth and skin conditions like acne.

This study found multipotent progenitors in sweat ducts that become unipotent after sweat gland development, highlighting distinct regenerative capabilities in adult glandular skin stem cell populations.

This study found that RANK-RANKL signaling regulates hair renewal and epidermal homeostasis in mice, revealing its role in initiating hair growth cycles and maintaining skin cell activity.

This study found that JunB, a transcription factor, is crucial for maintaining epidermal-pilosebaceous stem cell homeostasis by regulating progenitor cell behavior and preventing sebaceous gland dysfunction.

This study found that acne lesion formation involves early hyperkeratinization and inflammation around hair follicles, creating a self-sustaining cycle that may progressively worsen acne.

This study found that 5α–reductase activity is higher in infrainfundibular keratinocytes compared to interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes, suggesting a potential role in acne-related follicular changes.

This study found that combining near-infrared laser phototherapy with indocyanine green application may improve acne vulgaris by reducing active lesions and inflammation without side effects.

Androgen receptors found in monkey scalps, similar to humans, affect hair growth.

In this study, researchers found that the matriptase-HGF-c-MET pathway may be activated in proliferative cells of human hair follicles and sebaceous glands, suggesting a potential role in hair growth regulation.

This review explores androgen metabolism in the skin, highlighting enzyme localization and potential implications for treating androgen-dependent skin conditions, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.

This review examines the role of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in percutaneous drug delivery but does not report new clinical results; it calls for further exploration of follicle-targeting therapies.

This research found that liquid-state liposomes and niosomes may enhance finasteride delivery to pilosebaceous units in hamsters more effectively than gel-state vesicles or hydroalcoholic solution.

In this study, polymeric micelles containing retinoic acid were found to improve targeted delivery to hair follicle structures in human skin more efficiently than a marketed retinoic acid gel, suggesting potentially safer and more effective acne treatment.

This review examines the role of retinoic acid synthesis in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, focusing on its localization and function during normal and disease states, but reports no new results.