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    GlossaryPiloerection

    involuntary hair follicle contraction causing goosebumps

    Piloerection, commonly known as goosebumps, is the involuntary reaction where tiny muscles at the base of hair follicles contract, causing the hair to stand up. This response is typically triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stimuli such as fear or excitement, and is a vestigial reflex inherited from our ancestors, who had more body hair and used this mechanism to appear larger or to trap an insulating layer of air.

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