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The research found genetic differences in identical twins that could explain why one twin has a disease while the other does not.

Identical twins had different symptoms because one had more cells with an extra chromosome fragment in different tissues.

The editor suggests removing "race" and "ethnicity" from dermatology and creating tools to objectively assess skin color and hair texture.

A mother's diet at conception can cause lasting genetic changes in her child.

Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Hairless protein is crucial for healthy skin and hair, and its malfunction can cause hair loss.

Genetic research has advanced our understanding of skin diseases, but complex conditions require an integrative approach for deeper insight.

Metformin helps regulate menstrual cycles, induce ovulation, and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.

Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.

The document concludes that various findings in rheumatology offer insights into disease severity, treatment responses, and potential risks in medication, with some limitations due to unspecified participant numbers.

PNKP is essential for keeping adult mouse progenitor cells healthy and growing normally.

No clear link between specific gene and hair loss in Mexican brothers.

Forensic medicine is crucial for justice and needs continuous innovation and technology integration.

Acne is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance, and is associated with various syndromes that require different treatments.

PCOS increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes in women.

The Hairless gene is crucial for healthy skin and hair growth.

The document summarizes medical findings on topics like heart rhythm treatment, sleep apnea therapy, and various health conditions and treatments.

Certain genetic markers, especially the MICA gene, are linked to alopecia areata.

Genetic variations greatly affect individual metabolism and can impact health and disease risk.

The UD-PrOZA program successfully diagnosed 18% of adult patients with rare diseases, often using genetic testing.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

The document concludes that recognizing and properly diagnosing lipodystrophy syndromes is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.

While PCOS might increase the risk of heart disease, there's not strong evidence to prove it causes earlier heart problems.