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Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Current treatments for alopecia show no significant long-term benefits.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

Palliative chemotherapy is cost-effective for advanced gastric and colorectal cancer but not clearly for pancreatic-biliary cancer.

Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.

Understanding different types of skin cells, especially fibroblasts, can lead to better treatments for wound healing and less scarring.

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Dextran sulfate was found to be toxic and ineffective for treating HIV.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

EGFR inhibitors often cause skin problems and other side effects, but these are usually reversible and can be managed to keep patients comfortable.

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Microneedles help improve skin appearance and deliver skin treatments effectively, but safety concerns need more research and regulation.

Alopecia areata significantly lowers the quality of life, especially in emotional and mental health aspects.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

Cancer therapy can cause various skin problems, including hair loss, skin darkening, painful hand-foot syndrome, and severe skin damage.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

New topical antifungals and delivery systems are improving treatment for fungal skin infections, but patient education and prevention are key.

Liposomes could improve how skin care products work but are costly and not very stable.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

Inhibiting 5α-reductase can help reduce prostate cancer risk and improve treatment.

FGF signaling is a promising target for developing treatments for wounds, metabolic diseases, and cancer.

There are many treatments for permanent hair loss disorders, but their effectiveness varies and there's no clear best option.

Dutasteride 0.5 mg works better than finasteride and placebo for increasing hair in men with hair loss.

Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.

5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Six new genetic regions linked to early hair loss also connect to Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer, possibly leading to new treatments.