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TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

Dermatologists need to understand hair products to treat hair and scalp issues better.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

Pectin biosynthesis is essential for the growth of cotton fibers and Arabidopsis root hairs.

Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

Vitamin D is important for skin health and may affect conditions like psoriasis and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand its role fully.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Stem cell therapy, particularly using certain types of cells, shows promise for treating hair loss by stimulating hair growth and development, but more extensive trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Higher levels of unbound testosterone are linked to increased insulin resistance, especially in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.

The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Liposomes and niosomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.

Fat cells in the skin help start healing and form important repair cells after injury.

TRP channels in the skin are important for sensation and health, and targeting them could help treat skin disorders.