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Cell transplantation faces challenges in genitourinary reconstruction, but alternative tissue sources and microencapsulation show promise.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.

An 8-year-old boy recovered from a rare case of penile tourniquet syndrome after hair removal surgery.

The review suggests new ways to classify ejaculation problems and recommends different treatments based on the type of issue.

Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.

Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a common disorder causing symptoms like acne and infertility, and it's managed based on symptoms, not just test results. Treatment can improve fertility and reduce miscarriage risk.

Covers common skin issues in kids, their diagnosis, treatment, and need for specialist care.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.

HNG may help prevent the negative effects of chemotherapy on sperm production and white blood cell counts.

Many women experience sexual dysfunction, but few seek help, and better treatment and medical training are needed.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

Experts recommend thorough medical, sexual, and psychosocial assessments for women's sexual dysfunctions, and suggest individualized treatment plans with regular check-ups. They also mention potential use of estrogen and androgen therapy, but with caution due to safety concerns.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing skin diseases in ferrets.

The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Long-term use of a certain medication can worsen erectile function in aged rats by damaging penile muscle cells.