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An elderly man with dementia suffered limb damage from rubber bands around his leg, highlighting the need for careful monitoring to prevent such injuries.

Aminopterin effectively improves skin conditions but has toxic side effects that need careful monitoring.

Lichen planopilaris in men often involves scalp redness and itching, with some also having hair loss, mucosal lichen planus, or thyroid disease, and treatment improved symptoms in nearly half of the cases.

Flutamide-induced hypospadias in rats slows down early wound healing.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.

Flutamide and a new synthetic steroid affected brain and prostate chemicals and showed potential for treating androgen-related conditions and epilepsy.

Tadalafil is effective for treating urinary symptoms in men with BPH.

Printing human stem cells and a special matrix during surgery can help grow new skin and hair-like structures in rats.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Metreleptin treatment significantly improved metabolic health in a boy with congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.

Some drugs have gained approval for new uses, while others like tricyclic antidepressants and aspirin show promise but aren't yet approved for these uses.

The document explains hair and nail biology, common hair loss conditions and treatments, oral and genital skin diseases, and the risks and treatments associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.

Covers common skin issues in kids, their diagnosis, treatment, and need for specialist care.

A 25-year-old Malay fireman had skin bumps on his neck that were removed successfully after other treatments failed.

Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.

Finasteride treats hair loss but may cause low libido, erectile issues, and depression.

Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.

A young man with high-grade prostate cancer had successful surgery and good recovery, highlighting the need for awareness in younger men.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

The patient has a rare skin condition that shows features of two known disorders.

Invasomes loaded with clotrimazole gel could improve drug delivery through the skin for fungal treatment.

Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

Longer anogenital distance may indicate a higher chance of having polycystic ovary syndrome, and measuring this distance along with hormone levels could improve diagnosis.

PlacMA hydrogels from human placenta are versatile and useful for cell culture and tissue engineering.

Removing a testicular tumor in a dog reduced its aggressive behavior and skin problems.