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This study developed lipid nanoparticles for delivering minoxidil and finasteride to the dermis and hair follicles, showing stability and a desired prolonged release, though with low skin penetration levels.

In this study using C57BL/6 mice, researchers found that iron oxide nanoparticles permeated skin primarily through hair follicles and sebocytes, with absorption increasing over time.

This study found that methyl nonanoate and methyl caprate significantly enhanced the skin penetration of minoxidil compared to solutions with other common enhancers like Azone, DMSO, or DEET.

This study found that nanodiamonds of various sizes can penetrate different layers of murine skin in vitro, reaching hair follicle niches, and may be suitable for multimodal imaging applications.

QMSI effectively maps and quantifies drug distribution in skin tissues.

This study found that Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging offers precise localization and quantification of active compounds in skin tissues, demonstrating benefits over traditional LC-MS in drug penetration studies.

This study found that nanoemulsion formulations with oleic acid or eucalyptol significantly enhanced the delivery and retention of caffeine through hair follicles and surrounding skin regions.

This study suggests that novel lipid nanoparticle formulations may be suitable for delivering anti-alopecia compounds like minoxidil and finasteride, although their skin penetration was limited.

This article discusses the foundational concepts of nanotechnology and its contributions to dermatology and medicine, but does not present new research findings.

This chapter reviews the hair follicle's role in drug and chemical penetration through the skin but does not present new experimental findings.

This study found that the optimal method to introduce Saw Palmetto extract into emulsion bases for androgenic alopecia treatment involves mixing it with 48% ethanol at the end of the formulation process.

Tiny particles carrying roxithromycin can effectively target and deliver the drug to hair follicles without irritation.

This study found that transethosomal gel loaded with propranolol hydrochloride prolonged drug release and increased peak plasma concentration compared to an oral tablet, suggesting a promising alternative for delivery.

In this study, penetration of FA-PLGA nanoparticles into hair follicles was observed in excised dog, rat, and porcine skin, with the deepest penetration in porcine skin, suggesting its similarity to human skin for drug delivery studies.

This study found that coconut oil impedes hair hydration more effectively than soybean oil by penetrating deeper, and suggested a new model for intermediate filament assembly in hair.

This review summarizes preclinical and clinical information on herbal products for hair loss treatment, highlighting their mechanisms, follicular penetration, and potential side effects, suggesting they may offer alternatives to synthetic drugs with fewer side effects.

This study found that human skin with hair follicles and sebaceous glands absorbed significantly more steroids than scar skin without these appendages, indicating their role in steroid penetration.

In this study, curcumin-loaded nanoparticles with a size of 400 nm showed optimal accumulation in human hair follicles after seven days, although mouse models differed significantly in penetration and retention, indicating limitations in their suitability for follicular drug delivery studies.

In this study, researchers developed a novel gel formulation combining zinc oxide nanoparticles and finasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, which showed promising results for topical delivery and effective skin penetration, potentially offering a new treatment approach for androgenic alopecia.

This review study focused on various in vitro methods to evaluate skin permeation and retention of sunscreens, highlighting the importance of assessing sunscreen penetration due to widespread nanomaterial usage and advancements in cosmetic formulation.

This study found that micro-needling with cosmeceuticals or platelet-rich plasma significantly improved wrinkles, skin laxity, scar softening, and hair growth over 12 months, with minimal side effects, and that the best results occur with pigment and platelet massaging between 5 to 30 minutes post-treatment.

This study found that keratin films made from human hair can potentially substitute for human nail plates in drug permeability studies, but they show higher sensitivity to penetration enhancers compared to bovine hooves.

This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.

This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.

This study found that penetration enhancer-containing vesicles significantly improved minoxidil delivery to the skin compared to traditional liposomes and penetration enhancer-containing ethanolic solutions, with deformability linked to enhanced deposition.

In this study, ketoconazole-loaded transferosomes were developed and demonstrated improved hair growth compared to a commercially available ketoconazole product, with the formulation showing enhanced drug penetration and minimal skin irritation in vivo.

This research reports that multilamellar phospholipid liposomes showed the highest follicular penetration of a water-soluble dye in vitro compared to other cosmetic vehicles, suggesting potential benefits for enhancing hair conditioning and treating hair loss.

This article reports electron microscope studies on the structure of hair and wool, but it does not present new clinical findings.

This study found that porcine ear skin is more suitable than excised human skin for investigating the efficacy of barrier emulsions in preventing pollen allergen penetration due to its lack of tissue contraction.

This study confirmed that the novel solid lipid microparticle formulation of adapalene demonstrated follicular penetration potential and targeted particle erosion in sebum in in vitro tests.