316 citations,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
128 citations,
July 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” PEVs improve minoxidil skin penetration, increasing hair growth.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
54 citations,
October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
33 citations,
June 1995 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” More ethanol increases minoxidil delivery, but too much lowers efficiency.
28 citations,
March 2014 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” New lipid nanoparticles show promise for delivering hair loss treatments but need improvement for better skin penetration.
27 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of Advanced Nursing” The penguin cap can help reduce hair loss in chemotherapy patients.
26 citations,
May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
22 citations,
April 2018 in “Pharmaceutics” New methods improve how well skin treatments work by helping drugs get through the skin barrier.
18 citations,
October 2018 in “Nutrients” Annurca apple extract promotes hair growth by changing hair follicle metabolism to boost keratin production.
16 citations,
January 1995 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” SEPA™ enhances the effectiveness of minoxidil in stimulating hair growth, working faster and better than Rogaine® TS, with no significant side effects.
11 citations,
January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” Adding TPGS to minoxidil solutions can improve skin penetration and retention, especially in water and PEG 400-based solutions.
9 citations,
October 2013 in “Drug Delivery” Ethosomal carriers effectively deliver hair loss drug into skin.
8 citations,
September 2021 in “EMBO Molecular Medicine” A new small peptide may help hair growth by activating a specific receptor and should be tested in humans.
8 citations,
August 2018 in “Turkish journal of urology” Hair wrapped tightly around a boy's penis can cause serious damage if not treated quickly.
7 citations,
October 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different sizes of keratin peptides can strengthen hair, with smaller ones possibly increasing volume and larger ones repairing damage.
7 citations,
June 2020 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride for hair loss may cause lasting sexual, genitourinary, mental, and anti-androgenic side effects in young men.
6 citations,
August 2020 in “Frontiers in Pediatrics” Penile strangulation from hair can cause severe harm but can be treated if caught early.
6 citations,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
6 citations,
January 2013 in “Urology” An 8-year-old boy with bed-wetting issues suffered a severe penile injury from tying a thread around his penis, requiring urgent medical treatment to avoid worse outcomes.
4 citations,
January 2015 in “Case reports in urology” An 8-year-old boy recovered from a rare case of penile tourniquet syndrome after hair removal surgery.
3 citations,
October 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Pentoxifylline alone and combined with triamcinolone acetonide is effective for treating localized alopecia areata, with the combination showing the highest effectiveness.
3 citations,
March 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” GPIGS peptide increases thick hair growth in balding Japanese men.
2 citations,
May 2022 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Finasteride may be linked to Peyronie’s disease, but more research is needed.
2 citations,
September 2020 in “International journal of radiology & radiation therapy” Radiotherapy can cause rare changes in hair color, which should be discussed with patients.
2 citations,
May 2019 in “PubMed” Oral finasteride and dutasteride may negatively affect erectile function in rats.
2 citations,
January 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that certain conditioning compounds can penetrate hair and potentially improve its resistance to damage.
2 citations,
January 1983 in “Archives of Dermatology” A 3-year-old boy's scalp infection was treated with ketoconazole.