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Early diagnosis and treatment of achalasia and hyperthyroidism improve patient outcomes.

Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are main treatments for BPH, with new support for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and beta-3 agonists.

Alopecia causes significant emotional distress and psychological issues, requiring combined skin and mental health treatment.

An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.

The combined laser and plasma jet therapy effectively regrew hair in a woman with alopecia areata.

Dogs with ear infections have a higher rate of yeast infection, especially German Shepherds, with seasonal variations observed.

Premature greying of hair affects the social lives of medical students but not their self-esteem.

Diabetes can cause a variety of skin disorders, some of which may signal more serious health issues.

The document concludes that understanding nail anatomy is key for diagnosing nail diseases, early signs of nail melanoma may allow for less aggressive treatment, and specific genetic mutations are important in thyroid cancer prognosis and treatment.

Non-scarring hair loss can be diagnosed with two 4mm punch biopsies, one cut vertically and the other transversely.

RET mutation is important in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma is linked to more aggressive cancer and higher death rates.

Early subungual melanoma might be treated with less aggressive surgery because it invades the skin under the nail more slowly.

Telogen effluvium is a common hair loss condition where many hairs enter the resting phase, often not noticeable until significant loss occurs, and treatment focuses on the underlying cause.

Some African American women experience central scalp hair loss, often linked to a history of fungal scalp infection.

PSA testing is a reliable method for detecting prostate cancer, and opioids may lower PSA levels, but triglycerides don't affect prostate cancer risk.

Higher urethral PSA levels after prostate removal surgery may be linked to more hair loss and higher PSA levels post-surgery.

Opioid use may lower PSA levels, suggesting a possible role in prostate cancer control; PSA testing is useful for detecting prostate cancer; serum triglycerides are not linked to prostate cancer risk; and higher urethral PSA levels may be associated with local hormone activity.

The document does not confirm if radical prostatectomy is the best treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer.

Serum triglyceride levels are not linked to prostate cancer risk.

Pregnancies in a woman with the Donohue mutation were managed with genetic testing, resulting in three healthy infants.

The International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery created a standard curriculum in 2008 to guide doctors in diagnosing and treating hair loss effectively.

Hydrogen peroxide may have both positive and negative effects on wound healing, and its safe concentration for hair transplant surgery is unclear.

The Core Curriculum for Hair Restoration Surgery aims to improve doctor training for better, safer, and more natural-looking hair loss treatments.

A woman had temporary hair loss due to a stress-related condition after a facelift.

Finasteride significantly increases scalp hair and prevents hair loss in young and middle-aged men.

The book is a useful guide for learning about chemical peels, with practical information for all skill levels.

Androgens play a key role in hair growth.

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is generally not considered precancerous, but there are exceptions.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.