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    Glossary Parenteral Nutrition

    delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream via IV

    Parenteral Nutrition (PN), also known as Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) or Intravenous Nutrition, is a medical method of delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream through an IV. This technique is used when a person cannot obtain adequate nutrition through oral or enteral (tube feeding) routes, often due to severe digestive system disorders or surgeries. It provides essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals to maintain health and support recovery.

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    1. Zinc: An Essential Trace Element for Parenteral Nutrition Gastroenterology · 2009 · 114 citations
    2. Hair loss in long-term or home parenteral nutrition: are micronutrient deficiencies to blame? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · 2010 · 31 citations
    3. Parenteral Nutrition Trace Element Product Shortage Considerations Nutrition in clinical practice · 2016 · 19 citations
    4. Possible biotin deficiency in adults receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1983 · 31 citations
    5. Biotin Deficiency in a Patient with Short Bowel Syndrome during Home Parenteral Nutrition Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 1984 · 26 citations
    6. Zinc deficiency during total parenteral nutrition in childhood Journal of Pediatric Surgery · 1978 · 26 citations
    7. Micronutrient status in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition Nutrition · 1997 · 66 citations
    8. Vitamin D and the Parenteral Nutrition Patient Gastroenterology · 2009 · 23 citations
    9. A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Trace Element Product Shortage Considerations Nutrition in Clinical Practice · 2014 · 14 citations
    10. Biotin deficiency complicating parenteral alimentation: Diagnosis, metabolic repercussions, and treatment 1985 · 50 citations
    11. Acquired Zinc Deficiency JAMA · 1976 · 73 citations
    12. Severe Post-Bariatric Kwashiorkor Syndrome: A Case Report Journal of Medical Research and Surgery · 2025
    13. Strange cutaneous abnormalities and polyposis in an Asiatic man European journal of internal medicine · 2019
    14. Micronutrient Deficiency and Protein-Calorie Malnutrition After Bariatric Surgery: Clinical Course and Outcome in 3 Patients ˜The œAmerican journal of gastroenterology · 2017
    15. Macrocytosis and pseudoalbinism: Manifestations of selenium deficiency The Journal of Pediatrics · 1987 · 126 citations
    16. “Peeling paint” dermatosis in a leukemia patient JAAD case reports · 2020 · 2 citations
    17. Exploring management of acrodermatitis. PubMed · 2025
    18. “Acute Pancreatitis Following Finasteride Toxicity: A Rare Case Report" Research Square (Research Square) · 2024
    19. A Case of 300 Pound Weight Loss, Malabsorption, Malnutrition and Protein Losing Enteropathy Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosis of the Small Intestine The American Journal of Gastroenterology · 2007
    20. A Syndrome of Acute Zinc Deficiency During Total Parenteral Alimentation in Man Annals of Surgery · 1976 · 246 citations
    21. Zinc and Copper in Human Nutrition International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · 1981 · 17 citations
    22. The prevalence of hair loss and its association with iron deficiency among adolescents in northern Sudan: a school-based cross-sectional study. PubMed · 2025
    23. The prevalence of hair loss and its association with iron deficiency among adolescents in northern Sudan: a school-based cross-sectional study. PubMed · 2025
    24. [Exogenous zinc deficiency syndrome]. PubMed · 1982 · 2 citations
    25. Zinc Spray for Treatment of Acrodermatitis Enteropathica: A Case Report Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease · 2024
    26. Hipoalbuminemia: Patofisiologi dan Tata Laksana Cermin Dunia Kedokteran · 2025
    27. Primary and Secondary Disturbances in Trace Element Metabolism Connected with Genetic Metabolic Disorders Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · 1977 · 18 citations
    28. Dietary Aspects for Selenium and/or Selenium Compounds Molecular and integrative toxicology · 2018 · 1 citations
    29. Farmácia do Lago, Porto e nos Serviços Farmacêuticos do Nemocnica Akademika Ladislava Dérera (Kramáre Hospital), Eslováquia Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto) · 2024
    30. An unusual case of Anasarca-Rapunzel syndrome International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics · 2024