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Spironolactone does not increase cancer risk and may lower prostate cancer risk, but more research is needed.

Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth in women.

Some antiseizure medications can cause cosmetic problems like hair loss, excessive hair growth, acne, and gum overgrowth.

Anti-androgens can help manage some PCOS symptoms better than metformin but are not more effective than placebos or birth control pills for other symptoms.

Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.

Mammary stem cells drive mammary gland growth by branching and cell mixing.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

WWOX deficiency in mice causes skin and fat tissue problems due to disrupted cell survival signals.

The document says that understanding the causes of PCOS is important for treatment, especially in distinguishing the syndrome from just having cystic ovaries, and that losing weight is key for obese women with PCOS.

Women with PCOS in North China often have hirsutism and acne, with hirsutism linked to metabolic issues.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.

Skin-derived stem cells can become various cell types, including germ cell-like and oocyte-like cells.

Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and tailored long-term treatment can effectively manage androgenic disorders in women, improving patient care outcomes.

Stem cells compete for space using cell adhesion, and mutations can affect their competitive success, with implications for tissue health and disease.

Baldness may lower the risk of testicular cancer.

The document concludes that various dermatological treatments and drugs can cause skin reactions and side effects.

Men with early balding should be checked for metabolic syndrome, as there's a link between the two.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

PCOS patients, especially obese ones, often lack vitamin D and may need supplements and lifestyle changes.

Hyperandrogenism increases heart disease risk in premenopausal women, but this risk is linked to obesity in postmenopausal women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome affects about 6-10% of women, with varying symptoms and the need for standardized global definitions.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, self-renewing stem cells in the intestine and skin, important for tissue maintenance.

Women with PCOS face higher risks of diabetes and heart disease, and these risks increase with obesity.

Eflornithine cream effectively reduces women's unwanted facial hair but hair returns if treatment stops.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome are much more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea.