Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
100 citations,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
48 citations,
February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.
22 citations,
January 2008 in “Physiological Research” Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.
2 citations,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
2 citations,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
58 citations,
June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
16 citations,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
8 citations,
July 2014 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.
5 citations,
June 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports” Vitamin D may help reduce antibody levels in men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia, but has no significant impact on thyroid function.
26 citations,
January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.
3 citations,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hirsutism in young girls can have causes other than PCOS, so diagnoses should be reassessed if treatments don't work.
58 citations,
October 2001 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Hair loss can indicate underlying systemic diseases and addressing these can sometimes reverse the hair loss.
36 citations,
June 2019 in “eLife” The study developed a tool to predict how gut microbes process foods and drugs, showing that similar compounds often share metabolic pathways and effects.
3 citations,
July 2011 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Effective treatments for excessive hair growth in women include creams, laser therapy, and medications, with the choice depending on individual needs and potential side effects.
2 citations,
December 2021 in “International journal of Ayurveda and pharma research” Ayurvedic treatment helped reduce PCOS symptoms in a 19-year-old girl.
2 citations,
September 2007 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Local testosterone treatment improved sexual desire in a female with fragile X syndrome.
September 2023 in “Reproductive health of woman” PCOS is common, affects fertility, and requires personalized treatment to manage symptoms and health risks.
February 2020 in “International Journal of Advanced Research” The Garcinia Cambogia Nutri Bite could help manage PCOS symptoms.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
April 2020 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” A postmenopausal woman with hair loss and hirsutism improved after surgery to remove an ovarian tumor.
522 citations,
January 2001 in “Cancer investigation” Doxil is an effective, modified chemotherapy drug with a unique toxicity profile and shows promise in treating certain cancers.
451 citations,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
212 citations,
May 2010 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is challenging and should use strict criteria to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary worry.
58 citations,
December 2018 in “Nature Communications” Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.
55 citations,
July 1999 in “Clinics in Sports Medicine” Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.
51 citations,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
45 citations,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.