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In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Botanical extracts are increasingly important in cosmetics and drugs for their effectiveness and safety, backed by traditional use and scientific evidence.

Treatments for hair loss include estrogen therapy and special shampoos.

Alopecia areata's causes are unclear, treatments exist but relapses are common.

Low-level Laser Therapy may help reduce inflammation, pain, and aid healing, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and establish standard treatment guidelines.

Method detects finasteride in plasma at very low concentrations.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Niosomes improve minoxidil skin delivery for hair loss treatment.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

New nanofiber technology improves wound healing by supporting cell growth and delivering treatments directly to the wound.

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.

Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.

The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.

Use minoxidil for hair loss; finasteride and dutasteride for men, dutasteride for women.

Dermatologists need to understand hair products to treat hair and scalp issues better.

The document concludes that developing generic topical drugs requires ensuring they match the original in quality, composition, and structure, and often involves complex testing and regulatory steps.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

Experts recommend thorough medical, sexual, and psychosocial assessments for women's sexual dysfunctions, and suggest individualized treatment plans with regular check-ups. They also mention potential use of estrogen and androgen therapy, but with caution due to safety concerns.

Myrtle has various health benefits and potential for medicine development.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Researchers developed promising agents for prostate cancer imaging, with the best one showing high potential for clinical use.

Taking selenium supplements during chemotherapy may help reduce side effects and improve health markers in ovarian cancer patients.

Animals that change color with the seasons mainly do so in response to daylight changes, but climate change is causing camouflage problems that may require evolutionary changes.