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April 2003 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Fatty acid transport protein 4 is essential for skin and hair development.
88 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Minoxidil helps hair growth by activating the β-catenin pathway.
85 citations,
July 2012 in “Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology” The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.
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June 2006 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document concludes that hirsutism is the main sign for diagnosing hyperandrogenism, which requires a detailed patient history and physical exam.
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January 1988 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Spironolactone can cause side effects like irregular bleeding, but lower doses may reduce these effects and still improve hirsutism.
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April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
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October 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The 190-kbp domain contains all human type I hair keratin genes, showing their organization and evolution.
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June 2001 in “Endocrinology” Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.
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November 2013 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Acne is a chronic disease linked to various systemic conditions and has significant psychological and social effects.
70 citations,
February 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.
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January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” SAHA syndrome is a condition in women involving skin and hair issues, often related to hormonal imbalances, and is treated based on the underlying cause.
69 citations,
December 2005 in “Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism” Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.
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September 2008 in “Dermatologic therapy” Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in women often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome, and identifying the cause is important for managing associated health risks.
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March 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.
61 citations,
February 2001 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Metabolic syndrome and PCOS are related but separate conditions, with metabolic syndrome increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
60 citations,
August 2008 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A position effect on the TRPS1 gene causes excessive hair growth in humans and mice.
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September 2007 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” The TRPV3 gene mutation affects hair growth by keeping mice in the growth phase longer, which could help treat hair loss.
58 citations,
January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.
56 citations,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.
54 citations,
September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride can reduce fertility in some men, but stopping it increases sperm count.
52 citations,
November 2009 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” High androgen levels in Chinese women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of diabetes and obesity.
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October 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively treats hirsutism, is safe, and cost-effective.
[object Object] 50 citations,
August 2017 in “Diabetologia” Metformin has limited effectiveness for improving PCOS symptoms and lacks clear benefits, needing more research to confirm its efficacy.
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August 2003 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Higher IGF-1 levels in hair follicles link to better finasteride results for hair loss.
49 citations,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol is generally more effective in treating hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient characteristics.
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February 2019 in “Journal of Affective Disorders” Melatonin improved mental health and metabolism in women with PCOS.
45 citations,
January 2013 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease, especially if they have metabolic problems.
45 citations,
August 2010 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Type 3 5α-reductase is more common and finasteride and dutasteride strongly inhibit it.
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April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.