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In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.

Skin symptoms can indicate endocrine disorders and have various treatments.

Despite progress, better treatments and understanding are needed for the high rates of long-term issues and deaths linked to eating disorders.

Hair loss, known as Androgenetic Alopecia, is often caused by hormones and can be diagnosed using noninvasive techniques. Treatments include topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, with new treatments being explored. There may also be a link between this type of hair loss and heart disease risk.

Multi-omics techniques help understand the molecular causes of androgenetic alopecia.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Plant-based remedies may treat hair loss by reducing inflammation and improving insulin resistance.

Women with persistent acne and high levels of antimullerian hormone are more likely to have polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Hair loss needs more research for better treatments.

Common Black hair care products may affect hormone levels and potentially impact health, especially in reproductive and metabolic areas.

The document concludes that understanding and treating hair loss requires recognizing its various types and using appropriate diagnostic tools and treatments.

Finasteride effectively reduces hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, but requires careful contraception during treatment.

Scientists found new, better-working inhibitors for a hormone-related enzyme.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.

Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.

Effective treatments for excessive hair growth in women include creams, laser therapy, and medications, with the choice depending on individual needs and potential side effects.

Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.

High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.

Birth control pills and anti-androgen medications help manage hair growth, acne, and hair loss in women with PCOS.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in acne, which can be a symptom of systemic diseases like PCOS and may require targeted treatment.

The document says menstruation is important for women's health, discusses menstrual disorders, and suggests personalized treatment options.

Over 40% of postmenopausal women experience hair loss, with treatments aiming to stop further loss and possibly thicken hair.

AMH helps estimate ovarian reserve but doesn't predict pregnancy chances; age is more important.

Innovative methods are reducing animal testing and improving biomedical research.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.