28 citations
,
November 2004 in “Endocrinology” This study by Gao et al. reports that two nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators, S1 and S4, demonstrated tissue-selective actions in rats, suppressing prostate growth while maintaining muscle growth without altering hormone levels.
38 citations
,
October 2005 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents” This review discusses nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators and their potential therapeutic applications but reports no new clinical findings.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study reports that TFM-4AS-1, a selective androgen receptor modulator, promoted bone and muscle growth with reduced effects on reproductive organs in ovariectomized rats.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article discusses the role of the androgen receptor in regulating development and homeostasis, and reviews treatment approaches for conditions related to hormone imbalances, without reporting new clinical findings.
17 citations
,
January 2015 in “MedChemComm” New treatments for prostate cancer are less toxic and show promise, but more research is needed to enhance their effectiveness and reduce side effects.
20 citations
,
September 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study identified novel selective androgen receptor modulators with enhanced in vivo pharmacological activity through structure-activity relationship analysis in castrated rats.
1 citations
,
November 2008 in “Acta crystallographica” This study reports the crystallization of the human androgen receptor's ligand-binding domain with nonsteroidal ligands, which may aid in understanding the differences in binding compared to steroidal ligands.
129 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.
209 citations
,
March 1998 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” This study identified a novel class of nonsteroidal ligands that can mimic the effects of dihydrotestosterone on androgen receptors, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in male fertility and hormone replacement therapy.
441 citations
,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” This article reviews the potential clinical use of anabolic steroids in treating muscle loss from chronic diseases and aging and highlights both the benefits and risks of these substances in sports.
25 citations
,
June 2019 in “Endocrine Related Cancer” This review discusses the structure and function of steroid nuclear receptors, particularly focusing on androgen receptor dysregulation in prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndromes, without reporting new experimental results.
15 citations
,
August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
July 2025 in “Medical Science” This review discusses recent studies on the hepatotoxic effects of anabolic androgenic steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators, including liver damage, tumors, and related conditions, and reports no new primary research results.
2 citations
,
December 2013 in “Cancer research” In this study, GTx-027, a selective androgen receptor modulator, significantly inhibited tumor growth in certain breast cancer models and showed good tolerance in a Phase II trial with postmenopausal women.
14 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” This review discusses potential treatments for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new findings, emphasizing the importance of individualized antiandrogenic management to minimize side effects.
77 citations
,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” This paper discusses the role of steroid sulfatase in hormone-dependent tumors and highlights the development of potent inhibitors, noting the commencement of a phase I trial for one inhibitor in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “Curēus” This study identified significant trends in interest around selective androgen receptor modulators, with increasing attention contrasting stagnant or declining interest in post-cycle therapies and anabolic steroids, and calls for clinicians to use social and prescription data to adjust treatment protocols accordingly.
72 citations
,
January 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” This study found that the co-activator CBP enhances the agonistic action of hydroxyflutamide on androgen receptors, suggesting a mechanism for therapy resistance in prostate cancer.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” This article reviews the development of selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors as performance-enhancing drugs, highlighting ongoing challenges in achieving truly tissue-selective anabolic agents and reporting no new experimental findings.
22 citations
,
November 2011 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” This review discusses the relevance of human androgen receptor action in sports doping and examines the potential of cell-based biological assays for detecting androgenic anabolic steroid use, without presenting new research findings.
August 2024 in “Steroids” This review summarizes structural insights into androgen receptor dynamics, highlighting its flexibility in binding numerous partners, which may explain adaptive resistance mutations in cancer and loss of function in androgen insensitivity syndrome.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This review critically evaluates the evidence for SARMs' tissue selectivity and suggests their clinical benefits over traditional androgens are not yet well-supported by robust evidence, underscoring the need for further head-to-head trials.
18 citations
,
January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” This chapter reviews selective androgen receptor modulators, discussing their therapeutic potential beyond current androgen applications, and reports no new clinical findings.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Plants” This study reported that rice bran oil from the Thai rice variety BB4CMU showed potential in promoting melanin production and inhibiting steroid 5α-reductase, suggesting a natural option for hair revitalization.
23 citations
,
May 2019 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” This review discusses AR-modulating agents developed between 2012 and 2018, highlighting challenges with ligand-binding domain antagonists and proposing nonconventional approaches targeting other domains as promising strategies.
35 citations
,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” This review discusses the role of skeletal muscle in synthesizing bioactive androgens, highlighting that intramuscular androgens may influence muscle via intracrine action, but their precise function remains unclear.
February 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” This article discusses the various administration methods and considerations for testosterone replacement therapy, highlighting the importance of individualized therapeutic monitoring and potential adverse effects, but reports no new clinical results.
8 citations
,
February 2025 in “Swiss Medical Weekly” This study observed that integrating best practices for anabolic androgenic steroid users into Swiss primary care is feasible and well-accepted, though current doping laws hinder adequate medical care for this population.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” This review found that hormones significantly impact women's health and athletic performance, influencing the menstrual cycle, menopause, and exercise responses, while therapies like contraception and hormone replacement require personalized approaches to balance benefits and risks.