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This review synthesizes recent research to propose a precision framework for treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata based on genetic insights and pathway biology, highlighting the roles of androgen-receptor signaling, immune dysregulation, and emerging therapies like regenerative medicine and AI-assisted diagnostics.

This study highlights the under-explored relationship between alopecia areata, an immune-mediated disorder, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, emphasizing their shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways.

This study provided the first proteome dataset for alopecia areata, revealing novel pathways in the disease mechanisms that may lead to new therapeutic targets.

This review discusses genome-wide association studies in dermatology, noting that variants linked to risk for 10 skin complex diseases have been identified, with potential implications for diagnostics and management; it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses current and emerging therapies for alopecia areata, highlights the challenges in managing this chronic disease, and emphasizes the importance of addressing its psychosocial impacts; it reports no new clinical results.

In this review, researchers conclude that immune imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells, along with activation of IFN-γ–MHC and IL-15–NK pathways, disrupts hair follicle immune privilege, suggesting pivotal mechanisms in alopecia areata development and potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.

This study found a bidirectional causal association between major depression disorder and alopecia areata, but no association between mental disorders and androgenetic alopecia, suggesting a focus on mental health strategies for alopecia areata management.

This review discusses the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric alopecia, emphasizing early diagnosis and considering holistic approaches, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that hormone replacement therapy was associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality and adverse outcomes in nonimmunosuppressed postmenopausal women and immunocompromised male solid organ transplant recipients.

This study indicates that individuals exposed to PPD mount varying immune responses, with either tolerance, subclinical inflammation, or allergy, suggesting no true non-responders to PPD.

This study found that glioblastoma cancer stem cells avoid immune suppression by downregulating TLR4, and restoring TLR4 signaling may reduce tumor growth and self-renewal.

This review discusses the functions of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins in facilitating immune evasion and highlights possible therapeutic strategies, reporting no new clinical results.

This study identified non-structural proteins in preschool children's scalp hair that suggest potential biomarkers for brain development, immune function, and stress response with heritability and age-related differences.

This study identified a unique circulating microRNA signature associated with severe alopecia areata, distinguishing it from other inflammatory skin conditions and suggesting these miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.

This review examines existing and potential treatments for alopecia areata but does not report new clinical results, emphasizing the need for future therapies that target immune pathways or protect hair follicles from inflammation.

This review describes various T-cell-mediated alopecias characterized by distinct lymphocytic patterns and explores their pathophysiology. It highlights the role of CD8+ and regulatory T cells, the JAK/STAT pathway, and stem cell niches, contributing to understanding and potentially addressing these hair loss conditions.

TAK-279 effectively reduces psoriasis symptoms and is safe.

This study suggests that cultured hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells exhibit immune privilege properties, partly through the expression of PD-L1, which impacts co-cultured immune cells' behavior.

This study found that acne lesions and nonlesional skin in mild-to-moderate acne patients showed significant Th17-skewing and increased antimicrobials, suggesting systemic targets like IL-17/IL-23/IL-36 could be therapeutic.

This review highlights advancements in the understanding and treatment of alopecia areata, noting that the approval of oral Janus kinase inhibitors like baricitinib and ritlecitinib marks a significant development in managing severe cases of this autoimmune condition.

This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging targeted treatments for alopecia areata, particularly highlighting the efficacy of oral JAK inhibitors over other less effective alternatives.

This study concluded that advancements in understanding the immunological mechanisms of alopecia areata have led to promising therapies, particularly JAK inhibitors and novel drug delivery systems, but further research is needed for clinical application.

This research aims to address gaps in understanding alopecia areata by evaluating the real-world effectiveness and safety of baricitinib, identifying predictors of therapeutic response, and exploring the long-term impact on life quality, including sexual health. Results are not reported in the abstract.

This article discusses baricitinib, a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, as an approved and promising treatment for alopecia areata but reports no new clinical results.

Using high-throughput proteomics, this study identified 34 differentially expressed proteins in the lesional skin of adults with scalp psoriasis, suggesting a cytokine storm response linked to bacterial antigens.

This review outlines the proposed theories behind the development of alopecia areata, emphasizing the autoimmune process involving lost immune privilege in hair follicles, and stresses the need to pinpoint specific pathogenic mechanisms for potential treatments.

This review summarizes recent research on alopecia areata, highlighting advances in targeted therapies due to improved understanding of its immunopathogenesis, though it reports no new clinical results.

Immune system issues may contribute to female pattern hair loss.

This study developed a comprehensive atlas of human scalp tissue to uncover cell states and lineages in hair follicles, identifying disease-specific cellular changes associated with non-scarring and scarring hair loss, which may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic insights.

This study demonstrated that antigens from the skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis can stimulate CD8+ T cells, which in turn enhance wound healing.