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This study found that the pH levels of relaxers tested were corrosive to the skin and may contribute to alopecia in females with afro-textured hair.

Lye relaxers don't significantly change hair cortisol levels.

Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.

This study investigated the effects of different relaxer treatments on African-American hair, finding lab-made relaxer solutions caused less damage to hair topography than commercial systems.

This report describes five patients who experienced hair loss with discomfort and scarring after undergoing salon hair relaxer treatments, regardless of whether 'lye' or 'no lye' products were used.

This study found that a single application of 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straighteners significantly reduced drug concentrations in hair samples from both drug-fortified standards and authentic drug users.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

This study observed that combining hair dyeing with sodium hydroxide relaxers drastically increased protein loss in Caucasian virgin dark brown hair, while ammonium thioglycolate or guanidine hydroxide relaxers caused less damage.

This study found that glyoxylic acid caused more protein loss in hair compared to traditional alkaline straighteners, though both types of treatments showed comparable effects on hair tensile strength.

This study reported that chemical relaxants and hair styling practices were associated with scarring hair loss, particularly among women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecias.

This chapter reviews cultural practices and morphological differences in ethnic hair, relating them to specific disorders seen in these populations, without presenting new clinical results.

This review discusses the potential risks and effects of chemical relaxers on hair and scalp health, reporting no new clinical results; the authors emphasize dermatologist guidance to mitigate these issues.

This study found no evidence of subtype-specific breast cancer risk associated with hair relaxer use among women in Ghana, though the risk was elevated for former users across all subtypes.

This article discusses the complexities of treating hair and scalp disorders in African American patients, emphasizing the importance of understanding their specific hair care practices and the unique impact on quality of life, but reports no new empirical findings.

This review discusses the evolution and ongoing debate about the causes of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in African American women, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review discusses the causes and diagnosis of traction alopecia, emphasizing education for high-risk populations as there is currently no cure, and presents no new clinical findings.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and treatment of nonscarring alopecias can improve quality of life and hair regrowth is possible as the hair follicle remains intact.

In this study, a photographic scale and questionnaire revealed that extensive central scalp hair loss was observed in 5.6% of African American women, with an association to a history of tinea capitis.

This review discusses the components and effects of various hair cosmetic procedures and explores new techniques like camouflage methods and tattoo scalp, without reporting new clinical results.

This chapter reviews the prevalence, pathogenesis, and management of hair and scalp disorders but reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses the role of cosmetic hair care products in hair loss and concludes they do not cause it, suggesting a need for clinicians to understand the hair cycle and cosmetic practices for accurate diagnosis.

This review examines hair cosmetics, including shampoos and conditioners, for their formulations and effects, but reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes the importance of dermatologist knowledge in treating diverse hair conditions.

This article reviews the role of trichoscopy in diagnosing hair weathering conditions like trichorrhexis nodosa and trichoptilosis and suggests treatment by avoiding harmful chemical and physical factors, but it provides no new research findings.

The document concludes that clinicians should be aware of common hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent and that more research is needed to develop effective treatments.

This review examines the science and technology behind temporary and permanent hair straightening, discussing the processes, potential advancements, and considerations for reducing adverse effects, but does not report new research findings.

This review discusses the psychological importance of hair and explores how various hair cosmetics can affect hair health, emphasizing that certain products can lead to acute hair problems when repeatedly altering the natural style.

This article reviews various hair abnormalities in adolescents and young adults and emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and education for optimal patient outcomes, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the impact of various external factors like cosmetics, traction, and radiation on hair health and color, but reports no new findings.

This article reviews common hair-care practices among African American patients and discusses how these practices relate to hair and scalp disorders, without presenting new clinical research.

This study observed that certain hair care practices, such as wearing cornrows and using hair extensions, were strongly associated with the development of traction alopecia and seborrheic dermatitis in African American girls.