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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

Some drugs can cause rare but potentially deadly skin reactions, and early treatment and avoiding the drug again are key.

The immune system plays a key role in tissue repair, affecting both healing quality and regenerative ability.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

The timing of when the gene Bmal1 is active affects aging and survival, with its absence during development, not adulthood, leading to premature aging.

The report recommends personalized treatment for women's sexual dysfunctions and more research on effective therapies.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

AGA causes hair loss by shrinking hair follicles due to DHT binding, and can be treated with finasteride and minoxidil.

Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

Special fiber materials boost the healing properties of certain stem cells.

Fibrinogen/LDL apheresis may improve speech perception in sudden hearing loss, especially for those with high fibrinogen and LDL levels.

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Some medicinal plants can help heal wounds and may lead to new treatments.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Women with PCOS have heart-related issues not because of obesity, but due to insulin resistance and low adiponectin levels.

Laser device increases hair density, safe for treating hair loss in men and women.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Male pattern hair loss could hint at androgens affecting COVID-19 severity.

Oxidative stress contributes to hair graying and loss as we age.

Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.