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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

The timing of when the gene Bmal1 is active affects aging and survival, with its absence during development, not adulthood, leading to premature aging.

Msx and Dlx genes are crucial for development, controlling cell behaviors like growth and differentiation through their roles as gene regulators.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicle biology can lead to better hair loss treatments.

Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Melatonin may help with sleep issues, depression, and cancer, but more research is needed.

Planarian regeneration begins with a specific gene activation caused by injury, essential for healing and tissue regrowth.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Different types of skin cells play specific roles in development, healing, and cancer.

A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

The ZIP7 gene helps control zinc levels in cells by moving zinc from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm.

Stress stops hair growth in mice by causing early hair growth phase end and harmful inflammation through a specific nerve-related pathway.

The hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial for hair growth but not for the initial creation of hair follicles.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

Finasteride for hair loss can cause long-lasting sexual side effects like low libido and erectile dysfunction.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene regulation, cell differentiation, and organ development in mammals.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Some medicinal plants can help heal wounds and may lead to new treatments.