73 citations
,
August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation” This review explores the interactions between the skin, peripheral nervous system, and immune system and reports no new results; the authors highlight the importance of understanding these connections for various skin conditions.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Physiologia” This study found that systemic ovalbumin–aluminum sensitization followed by cutaneous challenge in mice induced thermal hyperalgesia, increased spinal cord gliosis, and sprouting of nociceptive fibers, along with elevated mast cell and nerve profile densities in the skin compared to controls.
50 citations
,
April 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses neuroimmune communication in skin disorders and peripheral neuropathic pain, highlighting the complex interactions between sensory neurons and immune cells; it reports no new clinical results but suggests potential future therapies.
28 citations
,
June 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses the role of the long form of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in cutaneous immune-mediated diseases and reports no new results.
In this study, calcium imaging in transgenic mice revealed that non-neuronal TRPV4 in the skin enhances afferent signaling during electrical stimulation, suggesting a role for neuroimmune interaction in acupuncture signal initiation.
41 citations
,
September 1991 in “Medical hypotheses” This article reviews the potential role of prolactin as a neuroendocrine modulator in skin biology and pathology, discussing its relevance for conditions such as psoriasis and hair growth, but reports no new clinical findings.
140 citations
,
February 2014 in “Neuron” This study found that the opioid system, particularly via the delta opioid receptor, broadly regulates cutaneous mechanosensation, including touch, and suggests targeting this receptor could alleviate injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.
5 citations
,
December 2005 in “Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice” This review discusses how skin lesions and haircoat changes in adult horses can indicate systemic diseases, emphasizing the need for veterinary evaluation, and reports no new clinical findings.
In this narrative hypothesis-driven overview, the authors propose reframing rosacea as a neuroimmune disorder, highlighting the interconnected role of the skin-gut-brain axis, particularly central nervous system involvement alongside gut microbiota and neurogenic inflammation, to emphasize the need for multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches.
7 citations
,
October 2000 in “Allergo Journal” Stress may affect hair growth by influencing hair follicle development and could contribute to hair loss.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This review discusses the dermatological effects and potential mechanisms of plant adaptogens, emphasizing their role in skin health and aging without presenting new experimental results.
12 citations
,
November 2024 in “Burns & Trauma” This review highlights the critical role of neuroregulation in skin wound healing, emphasizing how neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies, such as neuromodulation, to enhance these processes.
5 citations
,
February 2010 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” This article reviews the interconnectedness of the skin and nervous system and discusses various treatment options for psychophysiological skin disorders, reporting no new clinical results.
115 citations
,
November 2004 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity” This study found that stress increases the number of peptidergic nerve fibers and mast cell activity in mouse skin, suggesting a significant neuro-immune interaction under stress.
9 citations
,
December 2023 in “Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology” This study found that systemic administration of NDP-MSH, a melanocortin receptor agonist, provided neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, reducing neuroinflammation and suggesting a role for regulatory T cells in these neuroprotective effects.
September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study reports that stress-related neurohormones and factors, such as CRH and SP, can inhibit hair growth and alter immune functions in murine and human hair follicles.
February 2026 in “Advanced Sensor Research” In this review, researchers examined advanced sensing technologies and bioelectronic interfaces that could improve understanding of the skin–brain axis, highlighting challenges and strategies for integrating these platforms into models for studying skin and neural interactions.
341 citations
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November 2009 in “The FASEB Journal” This article reviews the multifunctional roles of calreticulin outside the ER and highlights its impact on wound healing in animal models, but reports no new clinical results.
March 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study reviewed how neuropeptides and cutaneous innervation play crucial roles in the process of wound healing, suggesting they significantly influence inflammation and tissue repair phases.
7 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine” In this study, the combination of camouflage and psychotherapy significantly improved quality of life for vitiligo patients and potentially modulated psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune interactions.
Lupus is a complex disease that requires personalized treatment because it varies greatly between individuals.
8 citations
,
February 2013 in “Central European Journal of Biology” This article discusses melanocyte development from neural crest cells and reports no new experimental results; the authors suggest a broader range of functions for melanocytes than previously recognized.
This review reports that hair follicles are dynamic neuro-immuno-endocrine organs with intrinsic signaling pathways, which play a crucial role in hair disorders like alopecia. It highlights emerging regenerative approaches targeting these pathways for hair restoration.
September 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that TNC + fibroblasts are crucial in neuro-immune interactions in various skin diseases, particularly inflammation and tumors, by engaging extensively with immune cells and overexpressing inflammatory genes, suggesting their significant role in skin abnormalities.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Scientific Reports” In this study, researchers developed a predictive model for the onset of alopecia areata by analyzing six datasets to identify key feature genes and employing various machine learning algorithms, ultimately finding the XGBoost model most effective for clinical application.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review outlines the transition from simple hair follicle organoids to immune-competent microphysiological systems, addressing limitations in replicating native hair follicle immune features and discussing their applications in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
349 citations
,
January 2005 in “The FASEB journal” This review discusses the cutaneous serotoninergic/melatoninergic system's potential role in skin function and resilience against environmental and internal stresses, but does not report new experimental findings.
306 citations
,
April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the protective roles of skin-resident immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis and facilitating wound healing, but reports no new experimental findings.
May 1993 in “Current problems in dermatology” This review discusses diagnostic approaches for childhood skin diseases with fever through clinical observations and covers recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of related infections, without reporting new clinical results.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” This article discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for immune-mediated central nervous system diseases but reports no new clinical findings.