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Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Anti-androgens are effective for female acne but less so for male-pattern hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

Tacrolimus causes fewer acute rejections than cyclosporin A in kidney transplants but doesn't necessarily improve kidney function after one year; cardiovascular risks and side effects vary between the two drugs.

Flutamide caused damage to male rat reproductive organs and may affect fertility.

Dermagraft and Dermalogen had a lot of granulation, while Alloderm, Integra, and ADM had good blood vessel growth for skin healing.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Alopecia areata causes hair loss, has no cure, and various treatments exist.

Silver can help prevent and treat infections but its effectiveness varies and should be weighed against costs and side effects.

The Sonic hedgehog pathway is crucial for new hair growth during mouse skin healing.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.

Applying a special compound can promote hair growth without harmful side effects.

Formyl-peptide receptor agonists could be new anti-inflammatory drugs.

Improving skin barrier and using antifungal treatments can help manage dandruff.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.

Cells in hair follicles help create fat cells in the skin by releasing a protein called Sonic Hedgehog.

Sabal and Urtica extract works as well as finasteride for treating BPH, with fewer side effects.

Some plant-based treatments can help with benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Neurosteroids show promise for treating epilepsy and more research is needed.

Using CRISPR for gene editing in the body is promising but needs better delivery methods to be more efficient and specific.

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.

Different hair care practices and conditions affect African American hair and scalp health, requiring specialized knowledge for treatment.