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APS-1 in Italy shows diverse AIRE mutations and various autoimmune issues.

Gonadal hormones significantly affect the severity of alopecia areata in mice.

Men taking dutasteride or finasteride have a slightly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Accurate assessment of puberty using Tanner staging is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal development.

New treatments for hair loss show promise, especially finasteride for men and a stronger minoxidil formula.

Doctors have known about fungal skin infections for a long time, but only made major progress in understanding and treating them since the mid-1800s.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like chilblains and rashes, which may help in early detection, especially in patients without other symptoms.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

The antiandrogen 11α-hydroxyprogesterone effectively reduces skin oil and cholesterol when applied to the skin.

Dermatologists are important in helping transgender people with skin issues and physical changes during their transition.

New drugs for heart disease may be developed from molecules secreted by stem cells.

Melatonin treatment made ferrets grow their fur earlier and affected their breeding time.

Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.

Alopecia areata significantly lowers quality of life, especially in personal and social areas, and more so if the patient is also depressed.

EFFC might be common but underreported.

Different hair cleaning methods caused varying levels of damage to the hair's outer layer.

Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.

Caucasian hair is denser, but Asian hair is thicker in female pattern hair loss patients.

Sex hormones affect hair and feather growth and may help manage alopecia and hormone-dependent cancers.

About 15% of US Army personnel use hair products containing hormone or placenta, with higher usage among non-whites, females, and enlisted personnel.

New drugs and combination therapies are improving treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms.

Platelet-rich plasma injections are more effective and satisfying for treating skin scars than tretinoin cream.

Hormones and sex affect potassium channel gene expression in electric fish, influencing their communication signals.

A woman had both Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome, causing hair loss, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, making her genetically male but physically female. This suggests androgens don't affect the hair loss condition.

COVID-19 might worsen symptoms and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia, possibly due to inflammation and metabolic disturbances in the prostate gland. More research is needed to confirm this.

The document reports the first Brazilian case of a girl with Becker nevus syndrome, characterized by skin changes, breast underdevelopment, and scoliosis.

Tamarix aphylla may be effective for various medical conditions, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Hair loss linked to heart disease in young men.

Smoking and drinking worsened hair loss in men with genetic hair loss, while eating and sleeping habits didn't; genetics played a bigger role than environment in hair loss.

Aging makes hair thinner and rougher, with less clear edges.