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BMP2 needs periosteal tissue to help regenerate mouse middle finger bones within a specific time.

Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.

Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.

There is no standard treatment for the rare Cronkhite–Canada syndrome, which can be fatal and lead to cancer.

The gel made of minoxidil and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves hair growth and is good for long-term use.

Combining plasma rich in growth factors with hair transplant surgery may lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for hair loss treatment.

Korean hair is typically thicker with a slower growth rate, and treatments like Dutasteride are effective for male pattern hair loss without major side effects.

Celsr1 is crucial for skin cell alignment, while Celsr2 has little effect on this process.

Sebaceous glands are involved in various skin disorders, some treatable with medications like finasteride and minoxidil.

Lower zinc levels may predict less effective hair loss treatment.

People with PCOS have higher levels of PAI-1, which may increase their risk of heart disease and fertility issues.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.

Hair follicle stem cells in hairpoor mice are disrupted, causing hair loss.

Certain gene variations in AKT2 are more common in women with PCOS and are linked to higher levels of specific hormones and symptoms.

The conclusion is that grasping how cells determine their roles through evolution is key, with expected progress from new research models and genome editing.

Type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing, with high treatment failure rates and more severe than Type 1; certain drugs can lower lipid levels effectively with varying side effects, and apples may benefit heart health like statins but with fewer side effects.

Some chemicals can permanently or temporarily remove color from skin and hair, which can be distressing and is not well-regulated in cosmetics.

Korean patients with androgenetic alopecia may have a higher risk of heart-related health issues and could benefit from early heart screening and healthier lifestyles.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Inflammation may be linked to hair loss, and targeting specific enzymes could help treat it.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.