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Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Bioprinting could improve wound healing but needs more development to match real skin.

Antiandrogens are somewhat effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.

Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.

In Italian patients with lupus, the most common skin issue was chronic cutaneous lupus, especially discoid lesions, and nonspecific skin problems occurred in about a third of those with systemic lupus, mainly during active disease.

The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.

Eating the right nutrients can improve hair health, but taking extra supplements usually doesn't help unless you have a deficiency.

There are many treatments for permanent hair loss disorders, but their effectiveness varies and there's no clear best option.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are important for skin problems in women with PCOS.

Minoxidil and finasteride effectively treat hair loss.

Insulin resistance may contribute to various skin diseases and treating it could improve skin health and prevent more serious conditions.

People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

Stress increases certain chemicals in the skin and nerves, which might worsen skin conditions.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of primary cicatricial alopecia is crucial to prevent permanent hair loss.

Male pattern hair loss caused by follicular miniaturization; early diagnosis and treatment can reduce psychological burden.

Different hair care practices and conditions affect African American hair and scalp health, requiring specialized knowledge for treatment.

Prolactin may play a significant role in skin and hair health and could be a target for treating skin and hair disorders.

Skin fat plays a key role in immune defense and healing beyond just storing energy.

The conclusion is that oral contraceptives and antiandrogens can treat hirsutism and acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism, but more research is needed for effective treatments, especially for hair loss.

Flutamide effectively treats female pattern hair loss with low doses showing good liver tolerance.

Hormonal treatments are effective as a second-line option for moderate-to-severe acne in females, but should be used with caution due to health risks.

Autoimmune liver diseases are likely linked to certain skin conditions like vitiligo and psoriasis.

Some patients lost hair after being treated with the drug enoxaparin for a brain vein clot.

For women with moderate to severe unwanted hair growth or acne, birth control pills are the first choice, with other medications like cyproterone, spironolactone, flutamide, or finasteride as alternatives, and permanent hair removal should be done with electrolysis or laser.

Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia's cause is unclear, affects mainly postmenopausal women, and current treatments focus on stopping hair loss rather than regrowth.

Genetic discoveries are key for understanding, diagnosing, and treating inherited hair and nail disorders.

Minoxidil affects rat fluid dynamics, altering pressure and circulation, improving blood flow and hair growth.

Metformin helps manage diabetes, PCOS, and weight in kids but needs more research for long-term safety.