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Glossary Microorganism

tiny living entity visible only under a microscope

A microorganism, also known as a microbe, is a tiny living organism that can only be seen with a microscope. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microorganisms play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as decomposition, fermentation, and even human health, where they can be both beneficial (like gut bacteria) and harmful (like pathogens causing diseases).

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research Advanced Skin Antisepsis: Application of UVA-Cleavable Hydroxyethyl Starch Nanocapsules for Improved Eradication of Hair Follicle-Associated Microorganisms

1 citations , February 2023 in “Pharmaceutics”

This study suggests that UVA-responsive nanocapsules may provide an effective method for skin antisepsis by releasing ethanol and reducing microorganisms within hair follicles on ex vivo porcine ear skin.

research Morgellon's syndrome. Evidence of a microorganism causing an unexplained dermopathy

January 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This book critiques Dr. Conroy's theory on Morgellon's disease, highlighting a lack of scientific evidence and detailing his unverified claims about fungal organisms attracted to cocaine.

research Alterations in scalp microorganisms after Er: YAG laser treatment for Shanghai androgenetic alopecia patients

May 2025 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

In this study, 13 androgenetic alopecia patients receiving Er: Yag laser treatment showed a significant increase in Staphylococcus spp. three days post-treatment, suggesting the laser may help modulate scalp microbiota balance.

research Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Abietic Acid against Skin-Associated Opportunistic Microorganisms

February 2026 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology”

This study reported that abietic acid, derived from pine rosin, showed antimicrobial effects and reduced biofilm biomass in laboratory tests against microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, suggesting potential further applications for skin infections.

research [Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Regulating Plant Root System Architecture in Acidic Soils].

January 2025 in “PubMed”

In this study, researchers investigated how rhizosphere microorganisms, including specific bacteria and fungi, can regulate plant root architecture in acidic red soils by mechanisms such as hormone production and phosphorus solubilization, potentially enhancing soil productivity.

Biodiversity and Microorganisms Variation of Endemic Duku (Lansium Domesticum Corr.) Rhizosphere in the Wet and Dry Main Growing Site in Jambi, Indonesia

research Biodiversity and Microorganisms Variation of Endemic Duku (Lancium domesticum Corr.) Rhizosphere in the Wet and Dry Main Growing Site in Jambi, Indonesia

September 2023 in “Mağallaẗ baġdād li-l-ʿulūm”

This study found diverse and distinct microbial communities in dry and wet habitats of Duku plants, with varying relative abundances linked to plant health and soil nutrient interactions.

research Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms to Produce L-Aspartate and Its Derivatives

August 2023 in “Fermentation”

This review discusses the potential of metabolic engineering to enable sustainable industrial-scale production of L-aspartate and its derivatives, detailing current microbial production progress, limiting factors, and future prospects with emerging technologies in synthetic biology.

research Biodegradation of Marine Pollutants by Microorganisms: A Bibliometric Analysis

5 citations , December 2022 in “Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science”

This bibliometric review analyzes trends in published research on ocean pollution biodegradation and bioremediation over time, reporting a notable growth in related publications from 2010 to 2022.

research The hair follicle mites (Demodex spp.). Could they be vectors of pathogenic microorganisms?

46 citations , January 1988 in “PubMed”

This study found that Demodex mites may transport Microsporum canis spores on human skin, suggesting a potential role in microbial movement despite typically being considered harmless.

research Demodicosis of Ophthalmic Concern

149 citations , March 1981 in “American Journal of Ophthalmology”

This study found that Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis mites can cause eyelid follicular and glandular changes, potentially contributing to ocular disease in humans.

research Hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of cause and treatment

73 citations , December 2010 in “Current opinion in infectious diseases/Current opinion in infectious diseases, with evaluated MEDLINE”

This review discusses various theories of the causes and management strategies for hidradenitis suppurativa, reporting no new experimental results, with a focus on the immune basis of the disease.

research Improvement in the inflammatory aspect of androgenetic alopecia. A pilot study with an antimicrobial lotion

40 citations , January 1996 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study found that using an antimicrobial lotion for 18 months may reduce inflammation and potentially partially reverse hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia.

research Jasmonic acid regulates plant development and orchestrates stress response during tough times

19 citations , February 2023 in “Environmental and experimental botany”

This review discusses the role of jasmonic acid and its conjugates in enhancing plant stress tolerance and balancing growth and defense mechanisms but provides no new experimental data.

research Lichen Planopilaris-Like Changes Arising within an Epidermal Nevus: Does This Case Suggest Clues to the Etiology of Lichen Planopilaris?

12 citations , January 2000 in “Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery”

This case study suggests that overgrowth of microorganisms with hyperkeratosis may contribute to the induction of lichen planopilaris by disrupting the immune privilege of hair follicles.

research The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics

11 citations , February 2021 in “Biomedicines”

This review discusses the role of hair follicle bacterial colonization in immune responses and the pathogenesis of alopecia but reports no new clinical results.

research Nutritional Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Interventions, supplements, prebiotics, normal flora, and daily habits

December 2025 in “International Journal of Clinical Medical Research”

This review explores the role of nutrition and probiotics in enhancing skin, hair, and nail health through gut microbiota, highlighting the potential of nutritional interventions for cosmetic benefits via the gut-skin axis.

research The Etiological Correlation of Seven Common Types of Alopecia

May 2025

This study summarizes common types of alopecia affecting many in China and suggests that factors like hormones, microorganisms, and immune dysregulation might contribute to hair loss, laying groundwork for better diagnosis and treatment approaches.

research EEMCO Guidance for the Assessment of Hair Shedding and Alopecia

51 citations , January 2004 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

This review discusses various techniques for evaluating hair shedding and alopecia but reports no new clinical results. The authors emphasize the value of specific clinical and instrumental methods in assessing hair growth.

research Current and Prospective Applications of 3D Printing in Cosmetics: A Literature Review

12 citations , November 2022 in “Cosmetics”

This review discusses 3D printing developments in topical delivery systems, highlighting the potential for 3D printed microneedles to become prominent in personalized cosmetic applications, but reports no new experimental results.

research SYNTHESIS OF INOSITOL IN MICE

43 citations , March 1942 in “The Journal of experimental medicine/The journal of experimental medicine”

This study found that mice can synthesize inositol, but this ability is impaired when pantothenic acid is lacking in their diet.

research The natural history of androgenetic alopecia

12 citations , January 2005 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This review discusses the natural progression of androgenetic alopecia and potential factors influencing its long-term prognosis, reporting no new clinical results.

research Guadalupe fur seal alopecia: a metabolic syndrome associated to climatic anomalies?

1 citations , April 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study is the first to document alopecia in Guadalupe fur seals in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, finding that it may result from nutritional stress due to higher sea surface temperatures.

Microbiocenosis of Sockets of Extracted Teeth in Patients with Alveolitis

research МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗ ЛУНОК УДАЛЕННЫХ ЗУБОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АЛЬВЕОЛИТОМ

1 citations , May 2022 in “Голова и шея.”

This study found that using a collagen sponge with lincomycin reduced inflammation and pathogen presence in alveolar osteitis more effectively than iodoform gauze, leading to faster socket healing.

research Usefulness of the Green Coffee Bean Fermented Product as a Cosmetic Material for Scalp Hair Protection

1 citations , March 2022 in “Protection convergence”

This study found that double-fermented green coffee bean extracts displayed strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and dermal papilla cell growth-promoting activities, suggesting potential use in cosmetics for scalp and hair health.

research Applying Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus natto on Piglet

January 2013 in “Hunan Agricultural Sciences”

In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus natto were found to potentially replace Aureomycin in alleviating weaning stress in piglets, based on growth, diarrhea rate, immunity, and other health indicators.

research The effect of hair care products on dandruff

12 citations , October 1981 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

This article discusses the disputed role of scalp micro-organisms in dandruff and notes that effective anti-dandruff treatments often have good antimicrobial activity, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

July 2026 in “International journal of research in pharmacy and life sciences.”

This study formulated and evaluated a polyherbal anti-dandruff shampoo, demonstrating it had good cleansing properties, antimicrobial activity against dandruff-causing microbes, and remained physically stable, potentially offering a safe and effective herbal alternative for dandruff management.

Medicinal Plants as Reservoirs of Endophytic Bacterial Genes Regulating Stress Tolerance: A Metagenomic Study on Eclipta Prostrata

research Medicinal Plants as Reservoirs of Endophytic Bacterial Genes Regulating Stress Tolerance: A Metagenomic Study on Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

March 2026 in “Israel Journal of Plant Sciences”

This study investigated the endophytic bacterial community of Eclipta prostrata, finding that these microorganisms contribute to the plant’s stress tolerance and detoxification, which may enhance its medicinal properties by supporting the synthesis and stability of beneficial metabolites.

research Application of Marine Microbial Natural Products in Cosmetics

6 citations , May 2022 in “Frontiers in Microbiology”

This review evaluates the potential of natural products from marine microorganisms for cosmetic applications and reports no new experimental results, highlighting challenges and prospects in their use.

research Recent Advances in the Electro-Active Therapeutic Phytochemical-Based Sensors

2 citations , October 2022 in “Electrochem”

This review explores the applications of phytonutrient-based biosensors in micro-electrochemical systems and reports no new experimental findings, emphasizing the potential and challenges of this innovative approach.