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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was identified as a condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, with associated infertility treatable through modern reproductive techniques. Hirsutism in PCOS could be managed with medications targeting ovarian function and androgen activity. There was an established link between PCOS and endometrial cancer, and a possible link to breast cancer. Women with PCOS shared features with the metabolic syndrome, notably an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, although no increased mortality from cardiovascular disease was found. Lifestyle changes and insulin sensitizers showed promise in managing PCOS, but further long-term studies were needed.

Spermidine/spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) was identified as a crucial enzyme regulating cellular polyamine content, impacting normal and neoplastic growth, ion channel regulation, and potentially cancer chemotherapy. SSAT activity was highly regulated and could be induced by various stimuli, affecting polyamine homeostasis and linking polyamine metabolism to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Increased SSAT activity led to a futile cycle consuming ATP and acetyl-CoA, and was associated with adverse effects such as pancreatic cell death, tissue growth blockage, behavioral changes, and hair loss. SSAT also interacted with proteins like hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and NF-kappaB, though the exact mechanisms were unclear. While SSAT was considered a potential target for diseases beyond cancer, its broad physiological effects necessitated careful targeting to avoid toxicity.