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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

This study found that while the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and retinal layers' thickness were similar between alopecia areata patients and controls, the choroidal thickness was significantly thicker in the alopecia areata group, suggesting potential inflammation-related changes.

This study observed that treatment with spironolactone significantly improved pain, inflammatory lesion count, and HS-PGA scores among female patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment option, even at lower doses, despite no change in Hurley stage or fistula count.

This study found that frontal fibrosing alopecia involves distinct molecular changes, such as downregulation of steroid and cholesterol pathways and upregulation of fibrotic and immune response genes, which may help guide treatment strategies.

In this study, the authors concluded that the VCD-induced follicular depletion rat model can effectively simulate the perimenopause transition, with hormonal changes distinguishing early/mid-transition from late transition to estropause.

Early-life neurosteroid changes affect adolescent exploration and adult behavior.

In this study, two different estroprogestin treatments significantly improved skin conditions and decreased androgen levels in hyperandrogenic women, with EE/DRSP showing more pronounced hormonal changes and skin improvements compared to EE/CMA.

This study suggests that adding androgens to menopausal hormone therapy may reduce breast cancer risk by counteracting estrogen-driven proliferation in postmenopausal breast tissue.

This article reviews changes in men's sexual health after midlife, exploring physiologic changes, psychological factors, and various treatment options, but it presents no new clinical results.

The conclusion is to diagnose PCOS with just hyperandrogenism and irregular periods, and treat with lifestyle changes and basic medications.

Premature gray hair may indicate reduced ovarian reserve but doesn't lower pregnancy chances.

This study found that mitotane causes specific changes in cortisol metabolism, including increased excretion of certain metabolites, which may influence cortisol bioavailability without hindering early detection of adrenocortical carcinoma recurrence.

This study found that PCOS patients with menstrual disorders exhibited hormonal changes and higher fasting glucose levels, despite no significant differences in insulin resistance markers.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

This study reviewed literature on dermatological changes in transgender and gender diverse individuals during gender affirming medical transition, identifying risks like acne and hypertrophic scars, and provided tailored care recommendations for health professionals.

This study found that while CBD did not change gene expression including β-catenin in hair follicles, it restored decreased β-catenin expression in dermal papilla cells affected by testosterone or PMA, suggesting a potential modulating function on alopecia.

In this study, researchers developed a computational method called iEdgePathDDA that prioritizes anticancer drug candidates by analyzing changes in gene interactions, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing methods across colorectal, breast, and lung cancer datasets.

This review discusses the pharmacological properties of progestins used in contraception and hormone replacement therapy, focusing on drospirenone's unique effects, but reports no new experimental findings.

This systematic review found that estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to structural and symptomatic changes in genital and cutaneous tissues, with local estrogen therapy providing short-term benefits, while evidence for device-based treatments remains limited and requires larger trials.

In this study, researchers found that climacteric women in Brazil experienced significant reductions in health care access and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased food intake, reduced physical activity, worsening mental health, and changes in sleep patterns.

This article discusses various diagnostic categories and treatments for hyperandrogenism, with a focus on polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new clinical findings, calling for specific treatments and lifestyle changes.

This review discusses the perimenopause, its symptoms, and management options, emphasizing the role of pharmacists in educating and advising women on treatment strategies and preventive health measures, but it reports no new results.

The document discusses male and female pattern hair loss, its diagnosis methods, FDA-approved treatments like finasteride and minoxidil, their side effects, and the role of lifestyle changes.

This study found that in male mice, microglial changes due to a Parkinson's-like lesion were influenced by sex hormones, with dutasteride treatment preventing some effects.

This review discusses the role of physical activity in healthy aging and reports no clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for integrating exercise into daily life and social settings.

This review covers recent findings on skin aging, emphasizing how cellular senescence and changes in the microenvironment impair stem cell functions, affecting skin regeneration.

This study found that the gene SRD5A1, associated with methylation changes due to early-life environment, may play a role in altering reproductive phenotypes in women by delaying pubertal onset and decreasing ovarian reserve.

This article provides a practical guide for plastic surgeons on understanding skin anatomy and physiology, emphasizing the importance of knowledge in ethnic variations and aging-related changes but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the complexity and varied symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and emphasizes lifestyle changes and insulin-sensitizing agents as effective management strategies, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that the systemic wrinkled skin phenotype in Xiang pigs involves gene expression changes and genetic variations associated with oxidative stress and extracellular matrix components, resembling features seen in Shar-Pei dogs.