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Alopecia areata causes hair loss due to an immune attack on hair follicles, influenced by genetics and environment.

Hair growth is influenced by hormones and goes through different phases; androgens can both promote and inhibit hair growth depending on the body area.

The review highlights the importance of stem cells in hair health and suggests new treatment strategies for hair loss conditions.

The document reports findings on genetic research, including ethical concerns about genome editing, improved diagnosis of mitochondrial mutations, solving inherited eye diseases, confirming gene roles in epilepsy, linking a gene to aneurysms, and identifying genes associated with age-related macular degeneration.

Stopping forehead irritation and using hydrocortisone helped a man's skin, Martinique has lower melanoma rates, a man had an allergy to a specific antifungal, another had unexplained cysts, certain drugs can cause skin reactions without always being interrelated, a link between Fanconi anemia and a skin condition was suggested, high levels of a certain protein may play a role in a type of psoriasis, and there's a need to study the connection between scalp pain and hair loss.

The document concludes that dermatology training and grading scales need to better represent dark-skinned individuals to improve diagnosis and assessment of skin conditions.

Premature graying of hair is linked to vitamin D and B12 deficiencies, thyroid issues, iron imbalance, stress, and lifestyle habits, and affects quality of life.

Some drugs can cause reversible hair loss, but certain chemotherapy drugs may lead to permanent hair loss; drugs can also change hair color and texture.

The document explains various skin conditions and their treatments.

Gray hair may be caused by lower antioxidant activity in hair cells.

Hepatitis B virus exposure may be linked to increased risk of alopecia areata.

Less differentiated melanoma cells are more vulnerable to a type of cell death, which could improve cancer treatments.

Activating the Sonic hedgehog gene in mice can start the hair growth phase.

More melanoblasts in hair follicles mean better survival and proper hair pigmentation.

Improved understanding of stem cell mechanisms can enhance skin tissue engineering.

Extracellular vesicles show promise for treating psoriasis by reducing inflammation and skin lesions.

Butyrate helps hair grow longer, improves hair cell health, increases pigment production, and boosts hair's natural defenses.

Stressed fibroblasts greatly increase melanin production in hair, skin, and eye cells, mainly due to a growth factor called bFGF.

Human hair follicles produce and respond to erythropoietin, helping protect against stress.

Scientists found cells in hair that are key for growth and color.

Lamivudine might reverse hair graying and needs more research for potential treatments.

New genetic locations explain much of hair color variation in Europeans.

Tribuloside can increase skin pigmentation by enhancing melanin production and distribution.

Dynlt3 is important for melanosome transport and skin coloration.

Blocking BACE1 and BACE2 enzymes causes hair color loss in mice.

Different populations have distinct hair structures related to their ancestry.

Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.

Darker skin provides more protection against UV damage and cancer.

Dermatologists should customize cosmetic treatments for dark-skinned patients to minimize risks and complications.

Nicastrin deficiency may cause skin cell damage and pigmentation disorders in humans, similar to effects seen in fish.